疟疾取得突破

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尽管疟疾寄生虫的基本生物学特性在一个多世纪前就已被描述,但今天的科学家们仍在努力理解其阴险的细节。据估计,有 3 亿到 5 亿人患有疟疾,这使其成为已知最具破坏性的疾病之一。今天在《美国国家科学院院刊》上报道的研究为这个难题增加了一个重要的新部分,揭示了一种潜在的机制,通过这种机制,寄生虫在宿主的红细胞中繁殖后,会挣脱出来,以便入侵更多的红细胞。

当疟疾寄生虫在红细胞内部时,会产生所谓的“裂殖子”,裂殖子会继续感染其他细胞。华盛顿大学的研究人员怀疑蛋白降解酶或蛋白酶可能在红细胞破裂和释放裂殖子中发挥作用,因此研究了一种名为 E64 的蛋白酶阻断药物对裂殖子逃逸的影响。虽然红细胞膜让位了,但这种药物似乎阻止了第二层膜的破裂,这第二层膜包裹着成簇的裂殖子。因此,该团队提出,寄生虫释放是一个两步过程,其中包裹成簇的裂殖子从红细胞中逸出,随后通过蛋白降解机制从它们自身的膜中逃脱。尽管理解确切的机制还需要进一步研究,但这些发现最终可能为抗疟药物开发人员提供一个新的靶点。

Kate Wong is an award-winning science writer and senior editor at 大众科学 focused on evolution, ecology, anthropology, archaeology, paleontology and animal behavior. She is fascinated by human origins, which she has covered for more than 25 years. Recently she has become obsessed with birds. Her reporting has taken her to caves in France and Croatia that Neandertals once called home, to the shores of Kenya's Lake Turkana in search of the oldest stone tools in the world, to Madagascar on an expedition to unearth ancient mammals and dinosaurs, to the icy waters of Antarctica, where humpback whales feast on krill, and on a "Big Day" race around the state of Connecticut to find as many bird species as possible in 24 hours. Kate is co-author, with Donald Johanson, of Lucy's Legacy: The Quest for Human Origins. She holds a bachelor of science degree in biological anthropology and zoology from the University of Michigan. Follow Wong on X (formerly Twitter) @katewong

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