发光脂质揭示胆固醇代谢

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根据今天发表在《科学》杂志上的一份报告,研究发光斑马鱼的科学家们发现了一个在调节胆固醇代谢中起作用的基因。新的发现可能有助于在未来开发出更好的控制胆固醇的药物。

虽然斑马鱼与人类的亲缘关系比小鼠等其他动物更远,但它们几乎拥有我们所有的基因。而且,由于鱼在幼年时是透明的,因此它们在一些生物学研究中非常有用。考虑到这一点,费城托马斯·杰斐逊大学的史蒂文·法伯和他的同事们设计了特殊的脂肪分子,称为“光学报告器”,当被肠道酶分解时会发光。他们推断,这些分子将使他们能够从生物化学的角度观察斑马鱼的消化过程。接下来,研究人员通过将雄性斑马鱼暴露于一种化学物质并繁殖表现出各种突变的家族,在鱼中产生了随机的基因突变。然后,他们将光学报告器喂给突变斑马鱼胚胎,观察由此产生的荧光模式,并筛选脂质加工的变化。

一种被称为fat free的特殊突变的携带者,其胆固醇和磷脂的加工显著减少。(其他实验说明了胆固醇阻断药物立普妥的作用,该药物阻止了鱼代谢光学报告器,从而阻止了它们发光。)研究人员指出,从长远来看,光学报告器应能识别出参与脂质代谢疾病(如动脉粥样硬化)以及其他疾病的基因。

Kate Wong is an award-winning science writer and senior editor at 大众科学 focused on evolution, ecology, anthropology, archaeology, paleontology and animal behavior. She is fascinated by human origins, which she has covered for more than 25 years. Recently she has become obsessed with birds. Her reporting has taken her to caves in France and Croatia that Neandertals once called home, to the shores of Kenya's Lake Turkana in search of the oldest stone tools in the world, to Madagascar on an expedition to unearth ancient mammals and dinosaurs, to the icy waters of Antarctica, where humpback whales feast on krill, and on a "Big Day" race around the state of Connecticut to find as many bird species as possible in 24 hours. Kate is co-author, with Donald Johanson, of Lucy's Legacy: The Quest for Human Origins. She holds a bachelor of science degree in biological anthropology and zoology from the University of Michigan. Follow Wong on X (formerly Twitter) @katewong

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