龙虾壳颜色变化释疑

加入我们的科学爱好者社区!

龙虾壳在烹饪过程中呈现出的红色,无论从哪个角度来看都非常引人注目。长期以来,究竟是什么原因导致其颜色从紫蓝色转变为鲜红色一直是个谜。但最新的研究终于揭示了这种现象背后的分子机制。

曼彻斯特大学的米歇尔·钱奇及其同事在最近发表于《美国国家科学院院刊》上的一份报告中指出,关键在于龙虾壳蛋白β-甲壳蓝蛋白。在活龙虾中,这种分子与一种名为虾青素的色素分子结合,使其扁平化,从而呈现蓝色(对于甲壳类动物伪装来说,这是一种很好的颜色)。然而,在未结合状态下,虾青素的色调为红橙色。事实证明,烹饪龙虾会使β-甲壳蓝蛋白变性,从而释放虾青素,使虾壳呈现鲜红色。

探测颜色变化需要该团队使用X射线晶体学来分析β-甲壳蓝蛋白复合物的三维结构。这并非易事:顾名思义,该技术需要色素结合蛋白的晶体——而传统的生长方法未能产生这种晶体。伦敦帝国学院的团队成员内奥米·查延最终使用所谓的微批量法培养出了晶体,该方法是在油中生长晶体。


关于支持科学新闻报道

如果您喜欢这篇文章,请考虑通过以下方式支持我们屡获殊荣的新闻报道 订阅。通过购买订阅,您将帮助确保未来能够继续看到关于塑造我们今天世界的发现和想法的有影响力的报道。


查延指出,除了解决一个长期存在的生物学难题外,新的发现可能还具有有趣的生物医学应用。“这可能会使虾青素作为不溶于水的药物的药物输送机制得到重要的新用途,并为新型食用色素或染料的设计者提供有趣的新功能,”她评论道。

Kate Wong is an award-winning science writer and senior editor at 大众科学 focused on evolution, ecology, anthropology, archaeology, paleontology and animal behavior. She is fascinated by human origins, which she has covered for more than 25 years. Recently she has become obsessed with birds. Her reporting has taken her to caves in France and Croatia that Neandertals once called home, to the shores of Kenya's Lake Turkana in search of the oldest stone tools in the world, to Madagascar on an expedition to unearth ancient mammals and dinosaurs, to the icy waters of Antarctica, where humpback whales feast on krill, and on a "Big Day" race around the state of Connecticut to find as many bird species as possible in 24 hours. Kate is co-author, with Donald Johanson, of Lucy's Legacy: The Quest for Human Origins. She holds a bachelor of science degree in biological anthropology and zoology from the University of Michigan. Follow Wong on X (formerly Twitter) @katewong

More by Kate Wong
© . All rights reserved.