小地震,大震动

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图片来源:特拉华大学

二十多年来,研究海底水下热液循环的科学家们一直认为水流相对稳定。但是,去年六月发生在华盛顿海岸附近的一次小地震的深远影响正在颠覆他们的观点。根据今天出版的《自然》杂志上的一篇报告,那次轻微的震动导致近五英里外的热液喷口系统中流体流量增加了10倍。喷口中流体的温度,就像右图所示的那个,也升高了,并且随之而来的是奇怪的温度振荡。

“这不仅仅是一个局部事件,”华盛顿大学的主要作者保罗·约翰逊说。“我们正在继续努力确定地震可能对山脊系统造成多大程度的改变。甚至中等强度的地震也可能影响数百英里中洋脊上的流体。”


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事实证明,改变后的条件有利于生活在喷口流体中的化学物质上的生物,从而导致了更高的生物活性。反过来,这可能导致了那些神秘的温度振荡。对振荡的另一种解释是,地震可能导致海底裂缝向下延伸到更热的地壳岩石中,从而将热量释放到系统中。报告中提出的第三个假设是,新的地震引起的循环导致了暂时的不稳定温度。为了希望新数据能够帮助阐明正在发生的事情,约翰逊正在领导一次探险,以便在该地区设置额外的仪器。

Kate Wong is an award-winning science writer and senior editor at 大众科学 focused on evolution, ecology, anthropology, archaeology, paleontology and animal behavior. She is fascinated by human origins, which she has covered for more than 25 years. Recently she has become obsessed with birds. Her reporting has taken her to caves in France and Croatia that Neandertals once called home, to the shores of Kenya's Lake Turkana in search of the oldest stone tools in the world, to Madagascar on an expedition to unearth ancient mammals and dinosaurs, to the icy waters of Antarctica, where humpback whales feast on krill, and on a "Big Day" race around the state of Connecticut to find as many bird species as possible in 24 hours. Kate is co-author, with Donald Johanson, of Lucy's Legacy: The Quest for Human Origins. She holds a bachelor of science degree in biological anthropology and zoology from the University of Michigan. Follow Wong on X (formerly Twitter) @katewong

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