深海中的小生物 [幻灯片]

一种新型机器人成功捕获了生活在极深海洋中的奇异物种的幼虫

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在水深超过2150米的海洋中,水压高达每平方厘米220公斤。海洋学家们曾尝试捕捉这些漆黑、寒冷和高压环境中生物的样本,他们不得不高速吸入海水并尝试过滤出生物体,但这一过程常常会损坏它们。但是,由杜克大学、俄勒冈大学和伍兹霍尔海洋研究所领导的一个团队上周捕获了16种不同动物的完整幼虫。

科学家们使用了一种名为SyPRID的新型采样器,它由一艘名为Sentry的自主水下航行器携带到深海。工程师们在八个多小时的时间里,以精确而缓慢的模式操纵着机器人。这种操控本身标志着一项成就,因为它几乎没有扰动航行器前方的水域——这是一个常见的难题,它会将微小的幼虫推出车辆的路径,在仪器能够将其吸入之前。这种细长的圆柱形采样器每小时处理大量的水,但速度足够慢,不会伤害脆弱的生物,它们的直径只有几百微米。伍兹霍尔的车辆项目经理卡尔·凯泽在一封电子邮件中说,最后的诀窍“是将大部分幼虫送到一个相对静止的区域,在那里它们可以进一步免受流动水的冲击。”

科学家们渴望获得来自极深海洋的常见和稀有生物的完整标本,尤其是在生命的早期幼虫阶段,因为这些样本可以解释很多关于海洋食物网、海洋生态系统不断变化的性质以及从海底渗出的甲烷可能如何影响海洋化学性质的信息。


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在随附的幻灯片中可以看到两张Sentry和SyPRID的图片以及九张美丽的幼虫图片(见下方链接)。说明文字基于俄勒冈大学团队成员劳雷尔·海伯特的描述。这项工作得到了美国国家科学基金会的支持。

本文于2015年7月31日从原始版本更新。

 

Mark Fischetti has been a senior editor at 大众科学 for 17 years and has covered sustainability issues, including climate, weather, environment, energy, food, water, biodiversity, population, and more. He assigns and edits feature articles, commentaries and news by journalists and scientists and also writes in those formats. He edits History, the magazine's department looking at science advances throughout time. He was founding managing editor of two spinoff magazines: 大众科学 Mind and 大众科学 Earth 3.0. His 2001 freelance article for the magazine, "Drowning New Orleans," predicted the widespread disaster that a storm like Hurricane Katrina would impose on the city. His video What Happens to Your Body after You Die?, has more than 12 million views on YouTube. Fischetti has written freelance articles for the New York Times, Sports Illustrated, Smithsonian, Technology Review, Fast Company, and many others. He co-authored the book Weaving the Web with Tim Berners-Lee, inventor of the World Wide Web, which tells the real story of how the Web was created. He also co-authored The New Killer Diseases with microbiologist Elinor Levy. Fischetti is a former managing editor of IEEE Spectrum Magazine and of Family Business Magazine. He has a physics degree and has twice served as the Attaway Fellow in Civic Culture at Centenary College of Louisiana, which awarded him an honorary doctorate. In 2021 he received the American Geophysical Union's Robert C. Cowen Award for Sustained Achievement in Science Journalism, which celebrates a career of outstanding reporting on the Earth and space sciences. He has appeared on NBC's Meet the Press, CNN, the History Channel, NPR News and many news radio stations. Follow Fischetti on X (formerly Twitter) @markfischetti

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