杀手虾

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如果你被要求想象一个无情的杀手,虾可能不会首先出现在你的脑海中。但这正是生态学家描述Dikerogammarus villosus的方式,这是一种来自前苏联的物种,已经入侵了荷兰和西欧的其他地区。更重要的是,D. villosus正在移动,搭乘船舶的压舱水,研究人员预计它将很快占领北美五大湖区和不列颠群岛。如果在英国生态学会冬季会议星期五描述的研究结果有任何指示意义,那么这次入侵将对当地的水生物种产生灾难性的影响。

贝尔法斯特女王大学的杰米·迪克进行了一系列微观环境实验,以证明D. villosus对其入侵区域的潜在影响。他设置了三个大型水箱,一个没有虾,另一个包含本地虾Gammarus duebeni,第三个包含D. villosus。观察结果显示,D. villosus对其水箱中的其他物种造成的损害远大于G. duebeni,杀死了大量蓝尾豆娘、划蝽、鱼蛭和水虱,并使其残缺不全。D. villosus之所以成为如此致命的捕食者,可能是因为它的口器,比G. duebeni的口器大得多且更有力。然而,比它的口器更令人担忧的可能是这种生物耐受其水生环境中的温度、盐度和甚至氧气水平变化的能力。凭借如此的适应性,无论D. villosus被引入到哪里,它都可能开始杀戮。

Kate Wong is an award-winning science writer and senior editor at 大众科学 focused on evolution, ecology, anthropology, archaeology, paleontology and animal behavior. She is fascinated by human origins, which she has covered for more than 25 years. Recently she has become obsessed with birds. Her reporting has taken her to caves in France and Croatia that Neandertals once called home, to the shores of Kenya's Lake Turkana in search of the oldest stone tools in the world, to Madagascar on an expedition to unearth ancient mammals and dinosaurs, to the icy waters of Antarctica, where humpback whales feast on krill, and on a "Big Day" race around the state of Connecticut to find as many bird species as possible in 24 hours. Kate is co-author, with Donald Johanson, of Lucy's Legacy: The Quest for Human Origins. She holds a bachelor of science degree in biological anthropology and zoology from the University of Michigan. Follow Wong on X (formerly Twitter) @katewong

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