飓风艾尔玛到底有多强?

以下是艾尔玛与卡特里娜、帕特里夏、海燕和其他记录保持者的比较

2017年9月5日,飓风艾尔玛增强为强烈的“潜在灾难性”5级风暴。根据定义,5级风暴的最大持续风速至少为每小时 157 英里(252 公里)。艾尔玛当天早上的风速接近每小时 180 英里,是有史以来在大西洋墨西哥湾以外或加勒比海以北测得的最强风速。

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9 月 6 日星期三,巨大的 5 级飓风艾尔玛将其已经惊人的风速提高到每小时 185 英里,这是有史以来在大西洋记录的第二快飓风。看来我们都对残酷的极端情况着迷。因此,以下是自气象学家半个多世纪前开始为它们命名以来,最令人印象深刻的北大西洋飓风所创下的记录,以及实际上在许多类别中排名第一的太平洋风暴的记录。

顺便说一句,飓风、气旋和台风都是同一回事;它们只是在不同地区使用的不同名称。“较小”的飓风仍然可能非常危险且具有破坏性;刚刚淹没德克萨斯州和路易斯安那州的飓风哈维,没有在任何类别中创下记录,除了降雨量。

飓风艾尔玛(发布时)
类别:5
峰值风速:185 英里/小时
最低大气压:914 毫巴
最大直径:420 英里


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北大西洋最强大的野兽

峰值风速(持续一分钟)
艾伦 (1980):190 英里/小时
艾尔玛 (2017):185
威尔玛 (2005):185
吉尔伯特 (1988):185
卡特里娜 (2005):175

最低大气压(越低越强)
威尔玛:882 毫巴
吉尔伯特:888
卡特里娜:902
海平面典型压力:1013

美国最大降雨量(大西洋和太平洋)
希基 (1950, 夏威夷):52.0 英寸
哈维 (2017, 德克萨斯州):51.8
阿米莉亚 (1978, 德克萨斯州):48.0

世界纪录保持者

海上峰值风速
帕特里夏(2015 年,南太平洋):215 英里/小时
南希(1961 年,北太平洋)215

登陆时峰值风速
海燕(2013 年,菲律宾)190 英里/小时
莫兰蒂(2016 年,菲律宾)190

最低气压
泰普(1979 年,南太平洋):870 毫巴

最大直径(环流)
泰普:1,380 英里(从纽约市到达拉斯的距离)

来源: 美国国家海洋和大气管理局

Mark Fischetti has been a senior editor at 大众科学 for 17 years and has covered sustainability issues, including climate, weather, environment, energy, food, water, biodiversity, population, and more. He assigns and edits feature articles, commentaries and news by journalists and scientists and also writes in those formats. He edits History, the magazine's department looking at science advances throughout time. He was founding managing editor of two spinoff magazines: 大众科学 Mind and 大众科学 Earth 3.0. His 2001 freelance article for the magazine, "Drowning New Orleans," predicted the widespread disaster that a storm like Hurricane Katrina would impose on the city. His video What Happens to Your Body after You Die?, has more than 12 million views on YouTube. Fischetti has written freelance articles for the New York Times, Sports Illustrated, Smithsonian, Technology Review, Fast Company, and many others. He co-authored the book Weaving the Web with Tim Berners-Lee, inventor of the World Wide Web, which tells the real story of how the Web was created. He also co-authored The New Killer Diseases with microbiologist Elinor Levy. Fischetti is a former managing editor of IEEE Spectrum Magazine and of Family Business Magazine. He has a physics degree and has twice served as the Attaway Fellow in Civic Culture at Centenary College of Louisiana, which awarded him an honorary doctorate. In 2021 he received the American Geophysical Union's Robert C. Cowen Award for Sustained Achievement in Science Journalism, which celebrates a career of outstanding reporting on the Earth and space sciences. He has appeared on NBC's Meet the Press, CNN, the History Channel, NPR News and many news radio stations. Follow Fischetti on X (formerly Twitter) @markfischetti

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