遗传性心脏病

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假设您的父亲在早年就患有心脏病发作。您年轻而健康;饮食健康且不吸烟。您会有多大风险?事实上,今天发表在《新英格兰医学杂志》上的一项新研究表明,许多像您这样的人的血管很早就显示出疾病迹象。之前的研究表明,有早发性冠状动脉疾病家族史的人本身就处于高风险之中,但没有指出疾病可能何时开始显现。新的研究结果填补了这一空白,揭示了已知会导致动脉粥样硬化的异常可以在早至六岁的儿童身上检测到。

研究人员比较了两组健康的年轻人;其中一组的受试者有父母早年心脏病发作的病史,而另一组则没有。表面上看,这两组人没有显著差异。在传统的心脏病风险衡量标准方面,如血压、胆固醇和吸烟,他们非常匹配。但是,当研究人员使用高分辨率超声波观察他们的血管时,差异是惊人的。父母在 60 岁之前患有心脏病发作的儿童,其血管平均比对照组参与者的血管厚 11%,反应性低 55%(就使用血压袖带后恢复正常血流量而言)。

布法罗大学的研究员 Maurizio Trevisan 是这项研究的主要作者,他说:“这些结果可能具有重要的临床意义。”“[它们] 需要进一步探索,以便我们更好地了解冠状动脉心脏病的病因和疾病发展路径,并制定可能挽救生命的早期干预策略。”

Kate Wong is an award-winning science writer and senior editor at 大众科学 focused on evolution, ecology, anthropology, archaeology, paleontology and animal behavior. She is fascinated by human origins, which she has covered for more than 25 years. Recently she has become obsessed with birds. Her reporting has taken her to caves in France and Croatia that Neandertals once called home, to the shores of Kenya's Lake Turkana in search of the oldest stone tools in the world, to Madagascar on an expedition to unearth ancient mammals and dinosaurs, to the icy waters of Antarctica, where humpback whales feast on krill, and on a "Big Day" race around the state of Connecticut to find as many bird species as possible in 24 hours. Kate is co-author, with Donald Johanson, of Lucy's Legacy: The Quest for Human Origins. She holds a bachelor of science degree in biological anthropology and zoology from the University of Michigan. Follow Wong on X (formerly Twitter) @katewong

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