鬣狗携带狂犬病病毒但不会出现症状

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图片来源:KATE WONG

我们都听说过这些警告信号:口吐白沫、行为异常。这些都是与狂犬病相关的症状,并且有充分的理由避开表现出这些症状的动物。事实上,狂犬病是最无情的病毒之一,它会杀死绝大多数感染者,尤其是食肉动物。但研究人员发现了一个奇怪的例外。根据最新一期《美国国家科学院院刊》上的一份报告,斑鬣狗可以携带该病毒而不会出现症状。

这项发现源于旨在确定为什么非洲国家公园的临床狂犬病病例如此罕见的研究。柏林动物园和野生动物研究所的马里昂·伊斯特和她的同事专注于坦桑尼亚的塞伦盖蒂国家公园,分析了从当地食肉动物身上采集的大脑和唾液样本。令他们惊讶的是,虽然狂犬病对例如蝙蝠耳廓狐和白尾獴等动物具有毒性,但在许多情况下,斑鬣狗能够从体内清除病毒,或者显然携带低病毒载量且没有不良影响。


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有趣的是,当研究人员分析鬣狗携带的狂犬病病毒时,发现它是一种与其它食肉动物携带的病毒在基因上不同的毒株。这两种毒株为何会共存于同一生态系统中仍然是一个谜。同样,鬣狗毒株为何毒性较弱的问题仍然不清楚。但作者指出,由于鬣狗之间的社交接触而频繁暴露于少量病毒载量可能会导致高度免疫。

Kate Wong is an award-winning science writer and senior editor at 大众科学 focused on evolution, ecology, anthropology, archaeology, paleontology and animal behavior. She is fascinated by human origins, which she has covered for more than 25 years. Recently she has become obsessed with birds. Her reporting has taken her to caves in France and Croatia that Neandertals once called home, to the shores of Kenya's Lake Turkana in search of the oldest stone tools in the world, to Madagascar on an expedition to unearth ancient mammals and dinosaurs, to the icy waters of Antarctica, where humpback whales feast on krill, and on a "Big Day" race around the state of Connecticut to find as many bird species as possible in 24 hours. Kate is co-author, with Donald Johanson, of Lucy's Legacy: The Quest for Human Origins. She holds a bachelor of science degree in biological anthropology and zoology from the University of Michigan. Follow Wong on X (formerly Twitter) @katewong

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