混合疫苗保护小鼠免受西尼罗病毒侵害

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据《美国国家科学院院刊》本期发表的一份报告,研究人员已经开发出一种疫苗,可以保护小鼠免受西尼罗病毒(WNV)的侵害。 猴子疫苗试验计划于下个月开始,人体试验可能会在今年年底前开始。

蚊媒西尼罗病毒(WNV)于1999年首次出现在北美,该病毒在人类中可能引起致命的脑炎。 此后,它已夺去七人的生命,并使另外80人身患重病。 为了开发疫苗,美国国家过敏和传染病研究所的Alexander Pletnev和他的同事们求助于西尼罗病毒的近亲——登革热病毒,登革热病毒不会侵袭中枢神经系统。 通过用登革热病毒变种替换某些西尼罗病毒基因,该团队创造了一种混合病毒,这种病毒可以刺激强烈的免疫反应,而不会感染大脑。 后来,接受混合疫苗的小鼠在接触西尼罗病毒后均未患病。

由于用于构建混合病毒的登革热病毒之一已被证明对人类安全,因此研究人员希望他们的疫苗能够迅速进入人体临床试验。“如果我们想在西尼罗病毒等新出现和重新出现的传染病原体之前保持领先地位,我们必须保持警惕并迅速采取行动,”美国国家过敏和传染病研究所所长安东尼·福奇说。“致病微生物将继续适应并继续繁荣,因此我们不能放松警惕。”

Kate Wong is an award-winning science writer and senior editor at 大众科学 focused on evolution, ecology, anthropology, archaeology, paleontology and animal behavior. She is fascinated by human origins, which she has covered for more than 25 years. Recently she has become obsessed with birds. Her reporting has taken her to caves in France and Croatia that Neandertals once called home, to the shores of Kenya's Lake Turkana in search of the oldest stone tools in the world, to Madagascar on an expedition to unearth ancient mammals and dinosaurs, to the icy waters of Antarctica, where humpback whales feast on krill, and on a "Big Day" race around the state of Connecticut to find as many bird species as possible in 24 hours. Kate is co-author, with Donald Johanson, of Lucy's Legacy: The Quest for Human Origins. She holds a bachelor of science degree in biological anthropology and zoology from the University of Michigan. Follow Wong on X (formerly Twitter) @katewong

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