哈勃深入探讨重元素的出现

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天文学家使用哈勃太空望远镜探测一个邻近星系时,在其宇宙尘埃中取得了一项惊人的发现。根据周一在加利福尼亚州帕萨迪纳举行的美国天文学会会议上提出的研究结果,小麦哲伦星云 (SMC) 中星际尘埃云的成分与银河系尘埃云的成分不同。这一发现可能迫使研究人员重新思考当前关于星际尘埃和重元素演化的观点。

芝加哥大学的丹尼尔·韦尔蒂和他的同事使用哈勃的成像摄谱仪梳理了 SMC 中已死亡恒星的可回收残余物。此前,科学家们一直认为星际云的构成在不同的云之间是相同的。但吸收线光谱分析显示,事实上,两个星系云中某些重元素的相对比例是不同的。具体来说,银河系星际云中的气体缺乏铁和硅(这表明这些元素占据了尘埃),而SMC星际云中的气体则表现出铁含量低而硅含量高——表明那里的尘埃几乎不含硅。

团队成员唐纳德·约克观察到:“这可能是实际测量固体粒子在太空中形成和发展的不同方式的突破,这将最终帮助我们了解恒星形成。” 研究人员指出,如果 SMC 的尘埃确实主要由铁组成,这可能会影响恒星演化。约克说:“人们需要尘埃颗粒来产生分子氢,从而产生冷却,进而产生恒星。”

Kate Wong is an award-winning science writer and senior editor at 大众科学 focused on evolution, ecology, anthropology, archaeology, paleontology and animal behavior. She is fascinated by human origins, which she has covered for more than 25 years. Recently she has become obsessed with birds. Her reporting has taken her to caves in France and Croatia that Neandertals once called home, to the shores of Kenya's Lake Turkana in search of the oldest stone tools in the world, to Madagascar on an expedition to unearth ancient mammals and dinosaurs, to the icy waters of Antarctica, where humpback whales feast on krill, and on a "Big Day" race around the state of Connecticut to find as many bird species as possible in 24 hours. Kate is co-author, with Donald Johanson, of Lucy's Legacy: The Quest for Human Origins. She holds a bachelor of science degree in biological anthropology and zoology from the University of Michigan. Follow Wong on X (formerly Twitter) @katewong

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