HIV攻击有经验和幼稚的T细胞

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图片来源:美国国立卫生研究院

为了应对HIV感染,人体部署了被称为CD4+ T细胞的战斗部队来进行反击。然而,在某个时候,HIV占据了上风,瓦解了T细胞系统,使身体对机会性感染毫无防御能力,而这些感染是艾滋病的特征。HIV究竟是如何使免疫系统屈服一直是许多研究的重点。《免疫》杂志今天发表的研究结果提供了重要的见解。

CD4+ T细胞分为两种不同的类别:幼稚细胞和记忆细胞。幼稚细胞在暴露于病原体时会变成记忆细胞。然后,这些记忆细胞引导其他免疫系统细胞对抗入侵者。长期以来,科学家们一直认为HIV只感染记忆T细胞,这是基于对从血液中分离出的T细胞的研究。但是,由加州大学旧金山分校的马克·A·戈德史密斯及其同事进行的新研究表明,HIV实际上确实会感染幼稚T细胞。与之前的研究人员不同,该团队专注于来自淋巴器官(如脾脏和淋巴结)的T细胞。出于研究目的,这些细胞相对于来自血液的细胞具有重要的优势,因为它们可以在不使用人工刺激物的情况下进行培养,而人工刺激物可能会改变细胞的行为。


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如果没有健康的幼稚细胞来取代被击败的记忆细胞,T细胞群体就会急剧下降。“CD4+ T细胞系统的崩溃是艾滋病的主要特征,”戈德史密斯观察到,“因此,了解哪些T细胞亚群可以被感染对于清晰地了解HIV如何减少T细胞数量非常重要。”

Kate Wong is an award-winning science writer and senior editor at 大众科学 focused on evolution, ecology, anthropology, archaeology, paleontology and animal behavior. She is fascinated by human origins, which she has covered for more than 25 years. Recently she has become obsessed with birds. Her reporting has taken her to caves in France and Croatia that Neandertals once called home, to the shores of Kenya's Lake Turkana in search of the oldest stone tools in the world, to Madagascar on an expedition to unearth ancient mammals and dinosaurs, to the icy waters of Antarctica, where humpback whales feast on krill, and on a "Big Day" race around the state of Connecticut to find as many bird species as possible in 24 hours. Kate is co-author, with Donald Johanson, of Lucy's Legacy: The Quest for Human Origins. She holds a bachelor of science degree in biological anthropology and zoology from the University of Michigan. Follow Wong on X (formerly Twitter) @katewong

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