喜马拉雅冰芯

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图片来源:Lonnie G. Thompson

从喜马拉雅冰川深处提取的冰芯毫无疑问地表明地球气温正在上升。根据9月15日出版的《科学》杂志上的一篇报告显示,冰芯揭示的详细记录表明,过去一个世纪和过去十年都是过去1000年中最温暖的时期。

一个国际科学家团队从位于青藏高原南缘希夏邦马峰山坡上,海拔超过20,000英尺的冰原采集了样本。“这是有史以来获得的最高的的气候记录,”该论文的作者之一朗尼·G·汤普森说,“它清楚地表明了严重的变暖。”


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对冰芯进行的化学分析还揭示了13世纪至19世纪期间发生的多次干旱事件——季风失效的结果。其中一次南亚季风失效的事件造成了特别灾难性的后果:从1790年到1796年,干旱席卷该地区,仅在印度一个地区就夺走了超过60万人的生命。“而且那还是在全球人口远少于今天的时期,”汤普森指出。“如果今天发生类似的事件,社会和经济混乱将是可怕的。”

尽管该报告没有解释可能引发季风周期变化的因素,但约翰逊确信为什么气温一直在升高。“我毫不怀疑,”他断言,“变暖的部分原因,如果不是全部,是由人类活动驱动的。”

Kate Wong is an award-winning science writer and senior editor at 大众科学 focused on evolution, ecology, anthropology, archaeology, paleontology and animal behavior. She is fascinated by human origins, which she has covered for more than 25 years. Recently she has become obsessed with birds. Her reporting has taken her to caves in France and Croatia that Neandertals once called home, to the shores of Kenya's Lake Turkana in search of the oldest stone tools in the world, to Madagascar on an expedition to unearth ancient mammals and dinosaurs, to the icy waters of Antarctica, where humpback whales feast on krill, and on a "Big Day" race around the state of Connecticut to find as many bird species as possible in 24 hours. Kate is co-author, with Donald Johanson, of Lucy's Legacy: The Quest for Human Origins. She holds a bachelor of science degree in biological anthropology and zoology from the University of Michigan. Follow Wong on X (formerly Twitter) @katewong

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