海洛因治疗可能促进 HIV 感染

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研究人员早已知道,静脉注射吸毒者感染 HIV 的风险很高。疾病不仅通过受 HIV 污染的针头传播,而且常用的药物(如海洛因和吗啡等阿片类药物)也会刺激免疫细胞中 HIV 的复制。现在,新的研究表明,美沙酮(一种广泛用于治疗海洛因成瘾者的药物)可能具有相同的效果。根据昨天在荷兰乌得勒支精神神经免疫学研究协会会议上公布的研究结果,美沙酮在细胞培养中促进 HIV 感染。

具体而言,费城儿童医院的何文哲及其同事发现,美沙酮增强了人类小胶质细胞和巨噬细胞(作为病毒在感染者体内的储存库的细胞)的 HIV 感染。(显然,该药物增加了细胞膜所谓的 CCR5 受体的表达,这使得 HIV 能够进入。)此外,美沙酮将潜伏的 HIV 感染转化为从 HIV 感染患者身上提取的血细胞中的活跃 HIV 复制。

何文哲报告说:“这些结果支持了我们的假设,即像其他阿片类药物一样,美沙酮可能会增加 HIV 感染的风险。” “应进行进一步调查,以研究我们的实验室结果是否准确反映了接受美沙酮治疗的患者的 HIV 感染进展情况。”

Kate Wong is an award-winning science writer and senior editor at 大众科学 focused on evolution, ecology, anthropology, archaeology, paleontology and animal behavior. She is fascinated by human origins, which she has covered for more than 25 years. Recently she has become obsessed with birds. Her reporting has taken her to caves in France and Croatia that Neandertals once called home, to the shores of Kenya's Lake Turkana in search of the oldest stone tools in the world, to Madagascar on an expedition to unearth ancient mammals and dinosaurs, to the icy waters of Antarctica, where humpback whales feast on krill, and on a "Big Day" race around the state of Connecticut to find as many bird species as possible in 24 hours. Kate is co-author, with Donald Johanson, of Lucy's Legacy: The Quest for Human Origins. She holds a bachelor of science degree in biological anthropology and zoology from the University of Michigan. Follow Wong on X (formerly Twitter) @katewong

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