如何让科学和技术工作对本科生更具吸引力

尽管学习科学、技术、工程或数学,许多学生还是避免从事 STEM 职业。更高的薪水、更高的社会地位和学徒制将改变这种情况。这是 2012 年 2 月《图像科学》的特别在线增刊

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近年来,美国在大多数 STEM 学科(科学、技术、工程和数学)授予的本科学位数量稳步上升 {链接到 G Sci 页面}。然而,一些美国雇主表示,他们很难找到人来填补 STEM 工作岗位。这种不匹配的现象并非由于毕业生实际短缺造成的;职位空缺的数量和新学位获得者的数量相当接近。而且,这种短缺也不是因为如最近传闻的那样,更多在美获得学位的外国学生毕业后返回家园。

根据乔治城大学教育与劳动力中心高级经济学家妮可·史密斯 (Nicole Smith) 的说法,这种不匹配的现象发生是因为拥有 STEM 学位的人选择在其他领域工作,这些领域薪水更高或具有更高的社会地位。她解释说:“生物专业的学生成为医生;数学专业的学生进入金融行业”。另一些人则获得 MBA 学位,以便他们可以被聘为管理职位,在那里他们可以赚更多的钱,部分原因是偿还高额学生贷款。

史密斯说,一些措施可以使 STEM 工作对学生更具吸引力。提高某些学科的薪资显然会有所帮助。例如,计算机科学和工程的起薪随着时间的推移稳步增长,但生物学的薪资却没有增长。值得注意的是,进入大学的女性人数增长速度快于男性人数,而且女学生倾向于选择生物学而不是计算机科学或工程学,因此提高生物学薪资可能特别有帮助。


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使科学工作看起来更令人兴奋也将提高其吸引力。寻找让社会更加重视 STEM 职业的方法也会有所帮助。对 STEM 毕业生的调查显示,他们重视社会“认可”,并且他们认为社会对医生和企业高管等专业人士的尊重高于科学家。

公司也可以为此做出贡献。史密斯说,有时雇主抱怨说他们找不到适合特定工作的合适的毕业生,但她认为这种期望是不现实的。在过去的几十年里,公司会聘用毕业生进入学徒式项目,新员工将在那里接受定制培训。但是近年来,公司已经削减了此类项目。恢复培训项目可以帮助将毕业生培养成公司正在寻找的那种员工,这最终将增加最终从事 STEM 工作的 STEM 毕业生人数。

在 2012 年 2 月的《大众科学》中查找更多关于本科学位的数据和评论

Mark Fischetti has been a senior editor at 大众科学 for 17 years and has covered sustainability issues, including climate, weather, environment, energy, food, water, biodiversity, population, and more. He assigns and edits feature articles, commentaries and news by journalists and scientists and also writes in those formats. He edits History, the magazine's department looking at science advances throughout time. He was founding managing editor of two spinoff magazines: 大众科学 Mind and 大众科学 Earth 3.0. His 2001 freelance article for the magazine, "Drowning New Orleans," predicted the widespread disaster that a storm like Hurricane Katrina would impose on the city. His video What Happens to Your Body after You Die?, has more than 12 million views on YouTube. Fischetti has written freelance articles for the New York Times, Sports Illustrated, Smithsonian, Technology Review, Fast Company, and many others. He co-authored the book Weaving the Web with Tim Berners-Lee, inventor of the World Wide Web, which tells the real story of how the Web was created. He also co-authored The New Killer Diseases with microbiologist Elinor Levy. Fischetti is a former managing editor of IEEE Spectrum Magazine and of Family Business Magazine. He has a physics degree and has twice served as the Attaway Fellow in Civic Culture at Centenary College of Louisiana, which awarded him an honorary doctorate. In 2021 he received the American Geophysical Union's Robert C. Cowen Award for Sustained Achievement in Science Journalism, which celebrates a career of outstanding reporting on the Earth and space sciences. He has appeared on NBC's Meet the Press, CNN, the History Channel, NPR News and many news radio stations. Follow Fischetti on X (formerly Twitter) @markfischetti

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