辐射源范围从香烟到 CT 扫描

你正在接受多少毫西弗?2011 年 5 月《图形科学》的特别在线版增刊

加入我们的科学爱好者社区!


关于支持科学新闻

如果您喜欢这篇文章,请考虑通过以下方式支持我们屡获殊荣的新闻报道 订阅。通过购买订阅,您将有助于确保有关塑造我们当今世界的发现和想法的具有影响力的故事的未来。


日本的福岛第一核电站事故使人们更加关注人们从不同来源(见下表)接触到的电离辐射量。到目前为止,最大的来源是医学影像技术(见2011年5月刊的“图形科学:曝光”)。美国人平均每年从地球上的氡气和来自宇宙的宇宙射线等自然背景因素中接触到 3.1 毫西弗的辐射。安全专家建议公众每年接受的辐射量应低于此水平 1 毫西弗,尽管他们不将医疗程序包括在该限制之内,因为这些程序可能会带来健康益处。以下是一些常见来源的列表。

全身平均辐射剂量(毫西弗)

每年自然背景(美国):3.1

机场扫描仪(反向散射法):0.0001

每年天然气烹饪:0.0004

手臂 X 光:0.001

骨密度 X 光:0.001

每年公路旅行:0.004

牙科 X 光:0.005

国内航班(五小时):0.017

每天吸一包烟一年:0.36

乳房 X 光检查:0.4

福岛紧急救援人员每小时1.0

脑部 CT 扫描:2.0

甲状腺扫描(核医学):4.8

脑部扫描(核医学):6.9

骨盆 CT 扫描:10

冠状动脉 CT 血管造影:16

宇航员在空间站一年:72 资料来源:国家辐射防护与测量委员会;RadiologyInfo.org

Mark Fischetti has been a senior editor at 大众科学 for 17 years and has covered sustainability issues, including climate, weather, environment, energy, food, water, biodiversity, population, and more. He assigns and edits feature articles, commentaries and news by journalists and scientists and also writes in those formats. He edits History, the magazine's department looking at science advances throughout time. He was founding managing editor of two spinoff magazines: 大众科学 Mind and 大众科学 Earth 3.0. His 2001 freelance article for the magazine, "Drowning New Orleans," predicted the widespread disaster that a storm like Hurricane Katrina would impose on the city. His video What Happens to Your Body after You Die?, has more than 12 million views on YouTube. Fischetti has written freelance articles for the New York Times, Sports Illustrated, Smithsonian, Technology Review, Fast Company, and many others. He co-authored the book Weaving the Web with Tim Berners-Lee, inventor of the World Wide Web, which tells the real story of how the Web was created. He also co-authored The New Killer Diseases with microbiologist Elinor Levy. Fischetti is a former managing editor of IEEE Spectrum Magazine and of Family Business Magazine. He has a physics degree and has twice served as the Attaway Fellow in Civic Culture at Centenary College of Louisiana, which awarded him an honorary doctorate. In 2021 he received the American Geophysical Union's Robert C. Cowen Award for Sustained Achievement in Science Journalism, which celebrates a career of outstanding reporting on the Earth and space sciences. He has appeared on NBC's Meet the Press, CNN, the History Channel, NPR News and many news radio stations. Follow Fischetti on X (formerly Twitter) @markfischetti

More by Mark Fischetti
© . All rights reserved.