女性教育降低婴儿和儿童死亡率

更明智的母亲决策预防主要死亡原因

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到目前为止,降低五岁以下儿童死亡率的最重要因素是提高女性教育水平。在世界各国,无论女性受教育年限是从10年增加到11年,还是从两年增加到三年,根据华盛顿大学健康指标与评估研究所最近的一项研究,婴儿死亡率都会下降

受教育程度较高的女性往往生育较少的子女,部分原因是就业机会增加以及对避孕知识的了解更多;家庭中孩子较少会提高婴儿的存活机会。更多的教育还有助于女性在许多健康和疾病因素方面做出更好的决定,例如产前护理、基本卫生、营养和免疫接种——这些对于降低五岁以下儿童的主要死亡原因至关重要,如下所示。

— Mark Fischetti

死因

死亡百分比

新生儿*

41

其他

16

腹泻

14

肺炎

14

疟疾

8

损伤

3

HIV/艾滋病

2

麻疹

1



*早产并发症(12%),出生窒息(9%),败血症(6%),其他(5%),肺炎(4%),先天性疾病(3%),腹泻(1%),破伤风(1%)



来源(数据):世界卫生组织,联合国儿童基金会


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Mark Fischetti has been a senior editor at 大众科学 for 17 years and has covered sustainability issues, including climate, weather, environment, energy, food, water, biodiversity, population, and more. He assigns and edits feature articles, commentaries and news by journalists and scientists and also writes in those formats. He edits History, the magazine's department looking at science advances throughout time. He was founding managing editor of two spinoff magazines: 大众科学 Mind and 大众科学 Earth 3.0. His 2001 freelance article for the magazine, "Drowning New Orleans," predicted the widespread disaster that a storm like Hurricane Katrina would impose on the city. His video What Happens to Your Body after You Die?, has more than 12 million views on YouTube. Fischetti has written freelance articles for the New York Times, Sports Illustrated, Smithsonian, Technology Review, Fast Company, and many others. He co-authored the book Weaving the Web with Tim Berners-Lee, inventor of the World Wide Web, which tells the real story of how the Web was created. He also co-authored The New Killer Diseases with microbiologist Elinor Levy. Fischetti is a former managing editor of IEEE Spectrum Magazine and of Family Business Magazine. He has a physics degree and has twice served as the Attaway Fellow in Civic Culture at Centenary College of Louisiana, which awarded him an honorary doctorate. In 2021 he received the American Geophysical Union's Robert C. Cowen Award for Sustained Achievement in Science Journalism, which celebrates a career of outstanding reporting on the Earth and space sciences. He has appeared on NBC's Meet the Press, CNN, the History Channel, NPR News and many news radio stations. Follow Fischetti on X (formerly Twitter) @markfischetti

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