窥探木星磁层

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图片来源:JPL/NASA

随着NASA的卡西尼号宇宙飞船在为期六个月的木星飞掠中,科学家们正在仔细观察这颗巨大行星的磁层(右图)。飞船上的磁层成像仪(MIMI)正在提供前所未见的、关于这个无形行星特征的图像。

一旦将MIMI拍摄的充满粒子的磁层图像制作成电影,研究人员就应该能够看到它在受到太阳风冲击时的压缩和膨胀。此外,结合其他MIMI测量数据,这些图像揭示了行星磁层的形状、动态甚至化学成分。“它们揭示了我们探测到的粒子——主要是氢,但也包括氧、硫和二氧化硫——是从木星卫星木卫一伊娥上的火山喷射出来的,并被甩入木星磁层,在那里它们被捕获、充能并加速到高速,”约翰·霍普金斯大学的斯塔马蒂奥斯·克里米吉斯说。“然后,当与其他粒子的碰撞为它们提供一个电子时,它们就变成中性的,并且能够逃逸出磁层。那时我们就可以用我们的相机探测到它们了。”


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一种类似于MIMI的仪器也在环绕地球运行,并且最近拍摄了第一张我们星球的全球照片。“通过提高我们可视化行星磁层的能力——无论是在地球还是在太阳系的其他行星——我们都能更好地监测其空间天气,”克里米吉斯指出。“这将有益于科学,就地球而言,可能会促成空间天气预报,从而提前预警电磁风暴,而电磁风暴过去曾中断通信并瘫痪电网。”

Kate Wong is an award-winning science writer and senior editor at 大众科学 focused on evolution, ecology, anthropology, archaeology, paleontology and animal behavior. She is fascinated by human origins, which she has covered for more than 25 years. Recently she has become obsessed with birds. Her reporting has taken her to caves in France and Croatia that Neandertals once called home, to the shores of Kenya's Lake Turkana in search of the oldest stone tools in the world, to Madagascar on an expedition to unearth ancient mammals and dinosaurs, to the icy waters of Antarctica, where humpback whales feast on krill, and on a "Big Day" race around the state of Connecticut to find as many bird species as possible in 24 hours. Kate is co-author, with Donald Johanson, of Lucy's Legacy: The Quest for Human Origins. She holds a bachelor of science degree in biological anthropology and zoology from the University of Michigan. Follow Wong on X (formerly Twitter) @katewong

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