遗传学家称非洲象属于两个物种,而非一个

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生物学家长期以来已经认识到非洲森林象和栖息于稀树草原的非洲象之间存在形态差异。但他们一直认为这两种类型属于同一个受威胁物种。然而,今天在《科学》(Science) 杂志上描述的一项基因研究结果表明,这些大象形成了不同的群体,因此值得被认为是不同的物种。新的发现可能会影响非洲的大象保护工作。

美国国家癌症研究所的斯蒂芬·J·奥布莱恩 (Stephen J. O¿Brien) 及其同事分析了从非洲各地 195 头自由放养的大象身上获得的 DNA,以及来自七头亚洲象(它们已被认为是单独的物种)的 DNA。该团队专注于来自四个核基因的序列,发现森林象和稀树草原象之间的差异超过了非洲象和亚洲象之间差异的一半以上。他们还检测到非洲象这两个类型之间杂交的证据非常少。基于此,研究人员建议将森林象从非洲象种 (Loxodonta africana) 重新归类为非洲森林象种 (Loxodonta cyclotis)。

以这种方式区分森林象和稀树草原象可能对这两个群体的保护管理产生重要影响。森林象集中在政治不稳定的国家,面临着来自人类活动的特别强烈的压力。“鉴于上个世纪森林象和稀树草原象的数量都在迅速减少,以及它们的栖息地持续遭到破坏,对这些不同类群的识别和物种级别管理所带来的保护意义是相当大的,”作者写道。

Kate Wong is an award-winning science writer and senior editor at 大众科学 focused on evolution, ecology, anthropology, archaeology, paleontology and animal behavior. She is fascinated by human origins, which she has covered for more than 25 years. Recently she has become obsessed with birds. Her reporting has taken her to caves in France and Croatia that Neandertals once called home, to the shores of Kenya's Lake Turkana in search of the oldest stone tools in the world, to Madagascar on an expedition to unearth ancient mammals and dinosaurs, to the icy waters of Antarctica, where humpback whales feast on krill, and on a "Big Day" race around the state of Connecticut to find as many bird species as possible in 24 hours. Kate is co-author, with Donald Johanson, of Lucy's Legacy: The Quest for Human Origins. She holds a bachelor of science degree in biological anthropology and zoology from the University of Michigan. Follow Wong on X (formerly Twitter) @katewong

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