基因标记或可帮助打击大西洋鳕鱼的偷猎行为

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数百年来,人类一直在捕捞大西洋鳕鱼,但上个世纪需求超过了供应。因此,世界各地的鳕鱼种群现在受到严格监管,甚至完全关闭。然而,事实证明,执行这些法规非常困难。现在,研究人员已经开发出分子技术,今天在《自然》杂志上描述了这些技术,这应该会使执法变得更加可行。

丹麦希尔克堡渔业研究所的 Einar E. Nielsen 及其同事研究了栖息在东北大西洋的三个主要鳕鱼种群——来自北海、波罗的海和北冰洋的种群。通过分析从这些群体中采集的组织样本,该团队鉴定了所谓的微卫星基因标记,这些标记与不同的种群相关联。他们发现,这些标记可以将个体鳕鱼分配到其原产种群,准确率超过 95%。事实上,研究人员报告说,“分配非常可靠,以至于对两到三个个体进行测试就可以对声称来自三个样本种群中任何一个样本种群的样本的来源得出明确的结论,这三个样本种群代表了东北大西洋鳕鱼捕捞量的大部分。”

有了识别商业捕捞和鱼市场中个体鳕鱼原产种群的技术,官员们应该可以更容易地执行鳕鱼渔业法规并识别偷猎者。此外,研究人员指出,只需添加更多基线样本,他们就可以扩展其识别范围,以包括其他鳕鱼种群和其他物种的种群。他们写道:“类似的分析应被证明对于确保鱼类种群的可持续开发以及商业上重要的海洋物种的遗传资源得到保护非常有价值。”

Kate Wong is an award-winning science writer and senior editor at 大众科学 focused on evolution, ecology, anthropology, archaeology, paleontology and animal behavior. She is fascinated by human origins, which she has covered for more than 25 years. Recently she has become obsessed with birds. Her reporting has taken her to caves in France and Croatia that Neandertals once called home, to the shores of Kenya's Lake Turkana in search of the oldest stone tools in the world, to Madagascar on an expedition to unearth ancient mammals and dinosaurs, to the icy waters of Antarctica, where humpback whales feast on krill, and on a "Big Day" race around the state of Connecticut to find as many bird species as possible in 24 hours. Kate is co-author, with Donald Johanson, of Lucy's Legacy: The Quest for Human Origins. She holds a bachelor of science degree in biological anthropology and zoology from the University of Michigan. Follow Wong on X (formerly Twitter) @katewong

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