基因分析揭示现代人类起源的复杂性

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一项新的基因研究结果表明,人类至少分三波主要浪潮迁徙出非洲,后来的移民可能与他们遇到的古代人杂交。这些发现今天在《自然》杂志上公布,挑战了一种关于人类进化的流行观点,该观点认为,解剖学意义上的现代人类取代了欧洲和亚洲的古代居民。

先前旨在检验现代人类起源的各种假说的基因分析倾向于集中于单个DNA区域,例如母系遗传的线粒体DNA。在许多情况下,这些研究的结果被解释为支持所谓的“走出非洲”替代模型。然而,在新的研究中,华盛顿大学的艾伦·坦普尔顿分析了代表多个不同基因组区域的基因树,以重建我们物种的进化史。他的结果支持这样一种情景,即人类谱系最初在大约170万年前离开非洲,随后至少又扩张了两次——大约在60万年前和大约9.5万年前。重要的是,这项工作表明,最近离开非洲的解剖学意义上的现代人与他们遇到的古代欧亚人发生了性关系,而不是战争。坦普尔顿说,如果那次迁徙涉及的是取代,那么早期扩张的基因特征以及人群之间反复基因流动的基因特征就会被抹去。


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坦普尔顿总结说:“人类一次又一次地从非洲扩张出来,但这些扩张导致了杂交,而不是取代,从而加强了全世界人类群体之间的基因联系。”

Kate Wong is an award-winning science writer and senior editor at 大众科学 focused on evolution, ecology, anthropology, archaeology, paleontology and animal behavior. She is fascinated by human origins, which she has covered for more than 25 years. Recently she has become obsessed with birds. Her reporting has taken her to caves in France and Croatia that Neandertals once called home, to the shores of Kenya's Lake Turkana in search of the oldest stone tools in the world, to Madagascar on an expedition to unearth ancient mammals and dinosaurs, to the icy waters of Antarctica, where humpback whales feast on krill, and on a "Big Day" race around the state of Connecticut to find as many bird species as possible in 24 hours. Kate is co-author, with Donald Johanson, of Lucy's Legacy: The Quest for Human Origins. She holds a bachelor of science degree in biological anthropology and zoology from the University of Michigan. Follow Wong on X (formerly Twitter) @katewong

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