糖尿病的基因疗法

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研究人员长期以来一直在寻找治疗 1 型糖尿病的方法,这是一种影响大约每千人中三人的自身免疫性疾病。这些患者无法自行产生胰岛素,其标准疗法侧重于通过注射或体外泵将外部产生的胰岛素输送到体内。这些治疗方法除了给患者带来不便之外,还无法像健康个体中的β细胞那样,每分每秒地调整血糖水平。但是,通过移植或再生胰岛素产生细胞来治愈糖尿病的尝试均已失败。现在,发表在 11 月 23 日《自然》杂志上的一种新型基因疗法带来了希望。根据该报告,糖尿病小鼠和大鼠在接受胰岛素编码基因五天后进入缓解期。

韩国首尔延世大学的李贤哲和金秀珍及其同事转向基因工程来生产胰岛素类似物。然后,他们将编码这种类似物的 DNA 插入一种已经变得无害的病毒中,并加入了肝细胞中对葡萄糖有反应的区域,并将修饰后的病毒注射到糖尿病小鼠和大鼠体内。在整个八个月的研究期间,这些动物随后能够响应其血糖水平的变化而产生胰岛素类似物。

加州大学圣地亚哥分校的杰罗尔德·M·奥莱夫斯基在对该报告的评论中写道,这种方法是否适用于人类仍有待确定。他指出,“在维持血糖水平方面,啮齿动物与人类有很大不同,将这些结果推广到人类生理学可能是一项挑战。”尽管如此,这些研究人员能够创建一个根据不断变化的需求输送胰岛素的系统,他总结说“这绝对是向前迈进了一步。”

Kate Wong is an award-winning science writer and senior editor at 大众科学 focused on evolution, ecology, anthropology, archaeology, paleontology and animal behavior. She is fascinated by human origins, which she has covered for more than 25 years. Recently she has become obsessed with birds. Her reporting has taken her to caves in France and Croatia that Neandertals once called home, to the shores of Kenya's Lake Turkana in search of the oldest stone tools in the world, to Madagascar on an expedition to unearth ancient mammals and dinosaurs, to the icy waters of Antarctica, where humpback whales feast on krill, and on a "Big Day" race around the state of Connecticut to find as many bird species as possible in 24 hours. Kate is co-author, with Donald Johanson, of Lucy's Legacy: The Quest for Human Origins. She holds a bachelor of science degree in biological anthropology and zoology from the University of Michigan. Follow Wong on X (formerly Twitter) @katewong

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