海豹妈妈延迟离巢,直到幼崽学会辨认母亲的声音

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对于海豹幼崽来说,在拥挤的环境中识别母亲声音的能力可能攸关生死:正如大多数群居哺乳动物物种一样,雌性海豹只喂养自己的幼崽。现在,研究亚南极海狗的科学家们发现,为了促进这一学习过程,海豹妈妈会延迟其产后首次捕鱼之旅,直到它的叫声深深印在幼崽的记忆中。这项新发现发表在最新一期的《自然》杂志上。

法国圣埃蒂安让·莫内大学的生物学家伊莎贝尔·查里耶和她的同事们使用了雌性海狗叫声的录音,来追踪幼崽对其自身母亲叫声和陌生海豹叫声的反应发展。他们观察到,幼崽在出生后几个小时内会对任何雌性海豹的叫声做出反应。然而,在两到五天后,它们只回应母亲的叫声。该团队进一步指出,母亲的首次离巢(发生在产后两到十天)取决于幼崽识别母亲声音的能力。

当母亲从持续两到三周的觅食之旅返回时,它会在返回岸边后不久开始呼叫。它的幼崽会回应叫声,两者继续交流,直到它们在群体中的其他成员中重聚。这个系统似乎运作良好。当研究人员测量幼崽在首次海上远足返回后找到母亲所需的时间时,他们发现 66% 的母子配对在七分钟内重聚;其余的在 11 分钟内找到了彼此。

Kate Wong is an award-winning science writer and senior editor at 大众科学 focused on evolution, ecology, anthropology, archaeology, paleontology and animal behavior. She is fascinated by human origins, which she has covered for more than 25 years. Recently she has become obsessed with birds. Her reporting has taken her to caves in France and Croatia that Neandertals once called home, to the shores of Kenya's Lake Turkana in search of the oldest stone tools in the world, to Madagascar on an expedition to unearth ancient mammals and dinosaurs, to the icy waters of Antarctica, where humpback whales feast on krill, and on a "Big Day" race around the state of Connecticut to find as many bird species as possible in 24 hours. Kate is co-author, with Donald Johanson, of Lucy's Legacy: The Quest for Human Origins. She holds a bachelor of science degree in biological anthropology and zoology from the University of Michigan. Follow Wong on X (formerly Twitter) @katewong

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