化石足迹揭示最早的陆地足迹

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数百万年来,地球上最早的生物被迫留在海洋领域。然而,最终,一些动物进化出了使其能够在陆地上立足的特征。这些古代开拓者的证据非常稀少,但一项新的发现表明,它们首次踏上陆地的时间比之前认为的要早得多。根据发表在《地质学》杂志五月号上的一份报告,研究人员在加拿大安大略省金斯顿附近的一个废弃采石场中发现了保存在砂岩中的足迹,这些足迹可以追溯到大约 5.3 亿年前——将登陆日期推后了约 4000 万年。

足迹制造者似乎是相当大的两栖节肢动物——今天以螃蟹、蜘蛛和昆虫等为代表的生物。具体而言,加拿大地质调查局的研究作者罗伯特·B·麦克诺顿和他的同事们认为,这些印记属于一种被称为真胸节肢动物的类似蜈蚣的生物群体。根据足迹的性质和沉积物本身的性质判断,该团队推测这些动物成群结队地在海洋和陆地之间往返,可能是为了觅食或繁殖。

"我们认为,这一事件代表了节肢动物陆地化的早期阶段,在此期间,个体离开了海洋,可能只是在有限的时间内," 作者写道。“他们发现了一个正在发展的新生态位世界,这可能解释了为什么节肢动物继续进行这些早期实验,成为今天它们所主导的陆地居民。”

Kate Wong is an award-winning science writer and senior editor at 大众科学 focused on evolution, ecology, anthropology, archaeology, paleontology and animal behavior. She is fascinated by human origins, which she has covered for more than 25 years. Recently she has become obsessed with birds. Her reporting has taken her to caves in France and Croatia that Neandertals once called home, to the shores of Kenya's Lake Turkana in search of the oldest stone tools in the world, to Madagascar on an expedition to unearth ancient mammals and dinosaurs, to the icy waters of Antarctica, where humpback whales feast on krill, and on a "Big Day" race around the state of Connecticut to find as many bird species as possible in 24 hours. Kate is co-author, with Donald Johanson, of Lucy's Legacy: The Quest for Human Origins. She holds a bachelor of science degree in biological anthropology and zoology from the University of Michigan. Follow Wong on X (formerly Twitter) @katewong

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