化石真菌

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图片来源:Dirk Redecker/加州大学伯克利分校

新的化石表明,今天绿色植物和真菌之间亲密的关系可能起源于近五亿年前。事实上,根据今天出版的《科学》杂志上的一篇报告,与真菌的原始双人舞可能使绿色植物得以在陆地上立足。

威斯康星大学的植物学家琳达·K·格雷厄姆和一名学生从威斯康星州收集的、可以追溯到4.6亿年前的沉积物中提取出了新的样本。由于不确定这些样本究竟是什么,他们向化石真菌专家德克·雷德克,加州大学伯克利分校的博士后研究员求助,德克·雷德克鉴定这些遗骸为孢子和根状线,或菌丝(),类似于现代球囊霉属真菌的菌丝。新的化石将陆地真菌的最早日期推后了约6000万年,到植物开始占领陆地的时候。


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今天绝大多数的绿色植物都与所谓的菌根真菌形成联系,菌根真菌帮助它们吸收养分。虽然研究人员没有在新化石真菌中发现化石绿色植物,但已知现代球囊霉属物种与苔类植物和角苔植物为伴——这些植物是这些化石时期仅有的陆地植物的亲戚。先前已知的化石表明,菌根真菌在4亿年前就与更高等的植物在一起了。考虑到这一点,研究人员提出了第一个陆地植物与新化石所代表的真菌之间存在类似伙伴关系的可能性。

Kate Wong is an award-winning science writer and senior editor at 大众科学 focused on evolution, ecology, anthropology, archaeology, paleontology and animal behavior. She is fascinated by human origins, which she has covered for more than 25 years. Recently she has become obsessed with birds. Her reporting has taken her to caves in France and Croatia that Neandertals once called home, to the shores of Kenya's Lake Turkana in search of the oldest stone tools in the world, to Madagascar on an expedition to unearth ancient mammals and dinosaurs, to the icy waters of Antarctica, where humpback whales feast on krill, and on a "Big Day" race around the state of Connecticut to find as many bird species as possible in 24 hours. Kate is co-author, with Donald Johanson, of Lucy's Legacy: The Quest for Human Origins. She holds a bachelor of science degree in biological anthropology and zoology from the University of Michigan. Follow Wong on X (formerly Twitter) @katewong

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