如何在 2050 年将全球粮食产量翻一番减少环境破坏

可以采取以下五个步骤(如下面的地图所示)来帮助养活预计到 2050 年庞大的人口,并减少农业造成的巨大危害

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为了养活世界日益增长且更加富裕的人口,到 2050 年,全球农业必须将其粮食产量翻一番。然而,更多的耕作通常意味着更多的环境危害,这是由于清理土地、燃烧化石燃料、消耗水进行灌溉和散布化肥造成的。农业对地球造成的负担已经比几乎任何其他人类活动都大,因此简单地将目前的做法翻一番将毁坏大片土地,并污染河流和海洋。

明尼苏达大学的乔恩·福利领导的一个国际研究小组得出结论,农业运作方式和我们饮食方式的五个基本变化可以使粮食产量翻一番,同时减少整体环境影响。这些步骤如下:提高作物产量、减少肉类消费、减少食物浪费、停止向雨林扩张以及更有效地利用化肥和水。这些变化反映在一系列地图中。有关详细解释,请参阅“我们能否养活世界维持地球的运转?”。

Mark Fischetti has been a senior editor at 大众科学 for 17 years and has covered sustainability issues, including climate, weather, environment, energy, food, water, biodiversity, population, and more. He assigns and edits feature articles, commentaries and news by journalists and scientists and also writes in those formats. He edits History, the magazine's department looking at science advances throughout time. He was founding managing editor of two spinoff magazines: 大众科学 Mind and 大众科学 Earth 3.0. His 2001 freelance article for the magazine, "Drowning New Orleans," predicted the widespread disaster that a storm like Hurricane Katrina would impose on the city. His video What Happens to Your Body after You Die?, has more than 12 million views on YouTube. Fischetti has written freelance articles for the New York Times, Sports Illustrated, Smithsonian, Technology Review, Fast Company, and many others. He co-authored the book Weaving the Web with Tim Berners-Lee, inventor of the World Wide Web, which tells the real story of how the Web was created. He also co-authored The New Killer Diseases with microbiologist Elinor Levy. Fischetti is a former managing editor of IEEE Spectrum Magazine and of Family Business Magazine. He has a physics degree and has twice served as the Attaway Fellow in Civic Culture at Centenary College of Louisiana, which awarded him an honorary doctorate. In 2021 he received the American Geophysical Union's Robert C. Cowen Award for Sustained Achievement in Science Journalism, which celebrates a career of outstanding reporting on the Earth and space sciences. He has appeared on NBC's Meet the Press, CNN, the History Channel, NPR News and many news radio stations. Follow Fischetti on X (formerly Twitter) @markfischetti

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