蛋白质折叠错误可能致命

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从阿尔茨海默病到II型糖尿病等疾病可能源于相同的分子错误:蛋白质的错误折叠,然后它们聚集起来并在细胞中造成严重破坏。科学家们说,消除这些聚集体可能潜在地阻止或逆转这些疾病造成的损害。

在今天发表于《自然》(Nature) 期刊上的一项研究中,剑桥大学的克里斯托弗·多布森 (Christopher Dobson) 及其同事报告说,即使是通常无害的蛋白质,当被诱导错误折叠并聚集在一起时,也会杀死培养细胞。他们说,这些聚集体的内在毒性否定了“避免这种蛋白质聚集对于维持生物功能至关重要”的观点。此外,研究人员指出,这表明退行性疾病(如阿尔茨海默病和克雅氏病——所谓的蛋白质沉积病)都具有这种聚集特征。

哈佛大学研究员丹尼斯·塞尔科 (Dennis Selkoe) 及其同事在同一期期刊中详细介绍的第二项研究发现,当将淀粉样β蛋白(在阿尔茨海默病患者中会聚集成大块)的小聚集体或寡聚体注射到大鼠大脑中时,会损害突触功能。作者总结说,因此,降低潜在危险的淀粉样β蛋白寡聚体的水平可能代表了一种有吸引力的阿尔茨海默病治疗方法。为此,他们已经确定了两种抑制寡聚体形成的化合物。但他们补充说,抗聚集化合物还必须降低单体浓度,以阻止最初的聚集。

Kate Wong is an award-winning science writer and senior editor at 大众科学 focused on evolution, ecology, anthropology, archaeology, paleontology and animal behavior. She is fascinated by human origins, which she has covered for more than 25 years. Recently she has become obsessed with birds. Her reporting has taken her to caves in France and Croatia that Neandertals once called home, to the shores of Kenya's Lake Turkana in search of the oldest stone tools in the world, to Madagascar on an expedition to unearth ancient mammals and dinosaurs, to the icy waters of Antarctica, where humpback whales feast on krill, and on a "Big Day" race around the state of Connecticut to find as many bird species as possible in 24 hours. Kate is co-author, with Donald Johanson, of Lucy's Legacy: The Quest for Human Origins. She holds a bachelor of science degree in biological anthropology and zoology from the University of Michigan. Follow Wong on X (formerly Twitter) @katewong

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