火蚁蚁后在性别之战中发号施令

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研究人员长期以来都知道,在社会性昆虫群体中,蚁后拥有巨大的权力,产卵排斥了群体中的其他雌性。现在,新的研究表明,一些蚁后甚至比之前认为的更加专横。根据今天发表在《科学》杂志上的一项研究结果,火蚁蚁后甚至可以影响群体中雄性和雌性的比例。

传统观点认为,抚养幼虫的雌性工蚁控制着性别比例,通过饿死或摧毁不需要的幼虫。由于蚂蚁生殖生物学的特殊性,雌性工蚁与蚁后的雌性后代的亲缘关系比与雄性后代亲近三倍,因此,理论上,雌性工蚁应该使性别比例向雌性倾斜。一般来说,观察结果证实了这一点。但是生物学家发现了一些令人困惑的例外情况,注意到一些火蚁群体包含的雄性比预测的要多得多。

为了 выяснить колонии 中究竟是谁控制性别比例,洛桑大学的 Laurent Keller 和他的同事从雄性占优势的群体和雌性占优势的群体中取出蚁后并进行了交换。结果令人震惊。在五周内,这些群体的性别比例反映了蚁后来自的群体的性别比例。也就是说,来自雄性占优势群体的蚁后成功地将雌性占优势的群体转变为雄性偏多的群体,而来自雌性占优势群体的蚁后将雄性占优势的群体转变为雌性偏多的群体。


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蚁后通过限制雄性或雌性卵的数量来施加这种影响。但是考虑到她与所有后代的亲缘关系均等,为什么蚁后会表现出偏好仍然是一个谜。

Kate Wong is an award-winning science writer and senior editor at 大众科学 focused on evolution, ecology, anthropology, archaeology, paleontology and animal behavior. She is fascinated by human origins, which she has covered for more than 25 years. Recently she has become obsessed with birds. Her reporting has taken her to caves in France and Croatia that Neandertals once called home, to the shores of Kenya's Lake Turkana in search of the oldest stone tools in the world, to Madagascar on an expedition to unearth ancient mammals and dinosaurs, to the icy waters of Antarctica, where humpback whales feast on krill, and on a "Big Day" race around the state of Connecticut to find as many bird species as possible in 24 hours. Kate is co-author, with Donald Johanson, of Lucy's Legacy: The Quest for Human Origins. She holds a bachelor of science degree in biological anthropology and zoology from the University of Michigan. Follow Wong on X (formerly Twitter) @katewong

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