外星分子解释大规模物种灭绝

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图片来源:LUANN BECKER 华盛顿大学

大约2.5亿年前,我们的星球遭受了一次事件的冲击,引发了历史上最严重的大规模物种灭绝。实际上,90%的海洋动物和70%的陆地脊椎动物灭绝,导致一些科学家将这一事件称为“大灭绝”。今天发表在《科学》杂志上的新研究提供了迄今为止最强有力的证据,表明这次灭绝事件的幕后原因是小行星或彗星撞击地球。

尽管肇事的太空岩石估计直径为6到12公里,但其撞击的证据来自数量级更小的实体:被称为富勒烯或巴克球()的复杂碳分子。华盛顿大学的陆安·贝克尔 (Luann Becker) 和她的同事从二叠纪和三叠纪边界处采集的岩石中提取了富勒烯。对捕获在笼状富勒烯中的不同气体同位素的测量显示,氦和氩分子的比例异常,表明这些分子是外星的。“这些东西是在碳星中形成的,”贝克尔解释道。“这就是发现富勒烯作为示踪剂令人兴奋的地方。”


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似乎这次巨大的撞击还不够 dramatic,广泛的火山活动似乎在同一时间爆发。“这真可谓是双管猎枪的猛烈一击,”罗切斯特大学的团队成员罗伯特·波瑞达 (Robert Poreda) 说。“我们不确定所有环境后果,但考虑到撞击和火山活动,我们确实知道当时的地球不是一个宜居之地。”

Kate Wong is an award-winning science writer and senior editor at 大众科学 focused on evolution, ecology, anthropology, archaeology, paleontology and animal behavior. She is fascinated by human origins, which she has covered for more than 25 years. Recently she has become obsessed with birds. Her reporting has taken her to caves in France and Croatia that Neandertals once called home, to the shores of Kenya's Lake Turkana in search of the oldest stone tools in the world, to Madagascar on an expedition to unearth ancient mammals and dinosaurs, to the icy waters of Antarctica, where humpback whales feast on krill, and on a "Big Day" race around the state of Connecticut to find as many bird species as possible in 24 hours. Kate is co-author, with Donald Johanson, of Lucy's Legacy: The Quest for Human Origins. She holds a bachelor of science degree in biological anthropology and zoology from the University of Michigan. Follow Wong on X (formerly Twitter) @katewong

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