地球应对全球变暖的答案

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在预测气候变化时,预测通常是严峻的。但是,发表在美国气象学会公报三月刊上的一份报告带来了一线希望。根据新的发现,地球可能能够通过太平洋上空云层覆盖中的“通风口”释放部分热量,从而显著减少全球变暖。

通过分析在20个月期间收集的数据,来自NASA戈达德太空飞行中心(位于马里兰州格林belt)和麻省理工学院的科学家发现,太平洋上空卷云的数量随着海面温度升高而减少。麻省理工学院的团队成员理查德·S·林森解释说:“随着云层下方的海面温度升高,产生降水的合并过程变得更加高效。” “更多的云滴形成雨滴,而留在云中形成冰晶的云滴更少。结果,卷云的面积减少了。” 这些薄薄的冰云几乎不能阻挡太阳辐射,但它们有效地捕获热量。从长远来看,云层覆盖的减少可能使热量逸出,从而冷却地球。

到目前为止,该团队仅研究了来自太平洋地区的数据,但如果其他热带海洋也具有相同的效果,地球可能能够很好地应对全球变暖。实际上,该团队估计,这种冷却效果可以将大气二氧化碳加倍引发的全球温度预测升幅减少三分之二。

Kate Wong is an award-winning science writer and senior editor at 大众科学 focused on evolution, ecology, anthropology, archaeology, paleontology and animal behavior. She is fascinated by human origins, which she has covered for more than 25 years. Recently she has become obsessed with birds. Her reporting has taken her to caves in France and Croatia that Neandertals once called home, to the shores of Kenya's Lake Turkana in search of the oldest stone tools in the world, to Madagascar on an expedition to unearth ancient mammals and dinosaurs, to the icy waters of Antarctica, where humpback whales feast on krill, and on a "Big Day" race around the state of Connecticut to find as many bird species as possible in 24 hours. Kate is co-author, with Donald Johanson, of Lucy's Legacy: The Quest for Human Origins. She holds a bachelor of science degree in biological anthropology and zoology from the University of Michigan. Follow Wong on X (formerly Twitter) @katewong

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