早期现代人类以淡水鱼和禽类为食

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狩猎大型陆地哺乳动物对于冰河时代的人类来说似乎是一种很好的生存策略,但获取小型水生生物可能更具适应性。今天发表在《美国国家科学院院刊》上的研究结果表明,大约在28,000年前,解剖学意义上的现代人类已经开始利用淡水鱼和禽类——这种饮食转变可能使他们在与尼安德特人的竞争中占据优势。

为了重建早期现代人的饮食,华盛顿大学的古人类学家埃里克·特林豪斯和他的同事对在欧洲和西亚发现的九具骨骼的骨胶原样本进行了化学分析。然后,他们将这些结果与之前发表的五份欧洲尼安德特人标本的研究结果进行了比较。有趣的是,虽然尼安德特人样本表明他们的饮食主要以大型陆地食草动物为主,但早期现代人样本表明他们的饮食中包含了内陆淡水鱼、软体动物和鸟类。数据还表明,现代人也一直在持续利用小型陆地动物。

作者指出,现代人饮食范围的扩大可能使他们更能抵抗自然压力,例如季节性和年度资源波动。因此,这很可能有助于早期现代人类群体扩张并占领欧亚大陆。

The article "Who Were the Neandertals?" by Kate Wong (大众科学, April 2000) is available for purchase at the 大众科学 Archive

Kate Wong is an award-winning science writer and senior editor at 大众科学 focused on evolution, ecology, anthropology, archaeology, paleontology and animal behavior. She is fascinated by human origins, which she has covered for more than 25 years. Recently she has become obsessed with birds. Her reporting has taken her to caves in France and Croatia that Neandertals once called home, to the shores of Kenya's Lake Turkana in search of the oldest stone tools in the world, to Madagascar on an expedition to unearth ancient mammals and dinosaurs, to the icy waters of Antarctica, where humpback whales feast on krill, and on a "Big Day" race around the state of Connecticut to find as many bird species as possible in 24 hours. Kate is co-author, with Donald Johanson, of Lucy's Legacy: The Quest for Human Origins. She holds a bachelor of science degree in biological anthropology and zoology from the University of Michigan. Follow Wong on X (formerly Twitter) @katewong

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