解剖恐龙的咬合力

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借助精密的工程工具,研究人员揭开了恐龙咬合力的秘密。这项新研究今天发表在《自然》杂志上,揭示了关于侏罗纪掠食者异特龙的进食行为,而我们对异特龙的了解相对较少。

剑桥大学的古生物学家艾米丽·雷菲尔德和她的同事们采用了一种常用于测试桥梁强度的技术——有限元分析(FEA)——来创建异特龙头骨的数字模型。然后,他们使用计算机模拟来探索骨骼在进食过程中对传递的应力会做出何种反应。尽管这种食肉双足动物长着满嘴剑齿,但研究小组发现,这种野兽的咬合力实际上相对较弱——远弱于其强大的表亲霸王龙。分析表明,尽管恐龙的头骨能够承受相当大的冲击力,但它的牙齿却无法承受重载。

雷菲尔德和她的同事们认为,看似矛盾的强壮头骨和弱咬合力的结合是对某种进食策略的适应,类似于科莫多巨蜥的进食策略。霸王龙用其强大的、碾压性的下颚造成致命的咬伤,而异特龙可能正面扑向猎物,以类似于人挥舞斧头的方式进行高冲击力的咬伤,然后在缩回时切下肉。


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“异特龙可能‘交易’了沉重的头骨和咬合力,以换取上颚冲击的更高速度和灵活性,从而捕获更轻、更敏捷的动物,例如鸟脚类恐龙,”研究团队写道。“异特龙可能通过在防御者能够反击之前,突然施加毁灭性的高冲击力攻击咬伤来伏击更大、更危险的猎物(例如,剑龙和蜥脚类恐龙)。”

Kate Wong is an award-winning science writer and senior editor at 大众科学 focused on evolution, ecology, anthropology, archaeology, paleontology and animal behavior. She is fascinated by human origins, which she has covered for more than 25 years. Recently she has become obsessed with birds. Her reporting has taken her to caves in France and Croatia that Neandertals once called home, to the shores of Kenya's Lake Turkana in search of the oldest stone tools in the world, to Madagascar on an expedition to unearth ancient mammals and dinosaurs, to the icy waters of Antarctica, where humpback whales feast on krill, and on a "Big Day" race around the state of Connecticut to find as many bird species as possible in 24 hours. Kate is co-author, with Donald Johanson, of Lucy's Legacy: The Quest for Human Origins. She holds a bachelor of science degree in biological anthropology and zoology from the University of Michigan. Follow Wong on X (formerly Twitter) @katewong

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