恐龙发现表明羽毛先于飞行

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图片来源:MICK ELLISON,美国自然历史博物馆

一具保存完好、带有羽毛的恐龙化石在中国东北辽宁省著名的化石床中出土。这项新发现于今日在《自然》杂志上宣布,进一步证实了鸟类起源于恐龙的论点,并为羽毛早于飞行起源提供了迄今为止最强有力的证据。

早些时候在辽宁的发现已暗示一些恐龙标本上存在类似羽毛的结构,但批评者认为这些结构实际上是蛋白质胶原纤维,或者这些化石代表的不是恐龙而是不会飞的鸟类。鸟类与恐龙联系的反对者还指出,驰龙科恐龙(一群中小型兽脚亚目恐龙,它们表现出许多与鸟类共同的特征,因此被广泛认为是鸟类最亲近的亲戚)身上没有发现羽毛。


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然而,新的化石似乎回答了上述两种论点。纽约市美国自然历史博物馆的古生物学家马克·诺瑞尔和他的同事报告说,这具拥有1.3亿年历史的标本代表了一种驰龙科恐龙,其身上覆盖着丝状结构,这些结构呈现出羽毛特有的分支模式。

在这种生物身上存在类似羽毛的结构表明,羽毛的进化一定是为了飞行以外的其他目的——也许是为了帮助动物保暖。事实上,对于现代鸟类(温血动物)来说,羽毛提供了至关重要的隔热作用。因此,诺瑞尔说,非鸟类恐龙可能在进化出温血性的同时进化出了原始羽毛。

Kate Wong is an award-winning science writer and senior editor at 大众科学 focused on evolution, ecology, anthropology, archaeology, paleontology and animal behavior. She is fascinated by human origins, which she has covered for more than 25 years. Recently she has become obsessed with birds. Her reporting has taken her to caves in France and Croatia that Neandertals once called home, to the shores of Kenya's Lake Turkana in search of the oldest stone tools in the world, to Madagascar on an expedition to unearth ancient mammals and dinosaurs, to the icy waters of Antarctica, where humpback whales feast on krill, and on a "Big Day" race around the state of Connecticut to find as many bird species as possible in 24 hours. Kate is co-author, with Donald Johanson, of Lucy's Legacy: The Quest for Human Origins. She holds a bachelor of science degree in biological anthropology and zoology from the University of Michigan. Follow Wong on X (formerly Twitter) @katewong

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