蜜蜂脚上的杀菌剂输送

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图片来源:NYSAES/康奈尔

希望提高病害控制和作物产量的农民可能会想寻求不起眼的蜜蜂的帮助。根据最近一期《生物防治》杂志上发表的结果,大自然的“小快递员”在向草莓作物输送天然杀菌剂方面,表现优于机械喷雾器。接受蜜蜂携带的杀菌剂处理的草莓,由于增强了授粉,也产生了更健壮的果实。

俄亥俄州立大学研究员约瑟夫·科瓦奇通过在蜂巢门口设置“足浴”,让蜜蜂的脚上沾上了名为哈茨木霉1295-22或T-22的抗真菌生物体的孢子。蜜蜂在离开蜂巢时不知不觉地沾上了杀菌剂,然后在它们访问的每个草莓花朵上沉积了一些杀菌剂。


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与将整个植物浸泡在杀菌剂中的机械喷雾器不同,蜜蜂直接飞向花朵,而这正是农民也想要针对的目标。尽管用蜜蜂输送的杀菌剂处理的花朵仅接受了喷雾植物一半的剂量,但它们表现出更好的真菌控制:研究人员使用蜜蜂方法将受感染的草莓植物数量减少了72%,而喷雾方法则减少了40%。当由蜜蜂输送时,天然杀菌剂的功效与喷洒的化学杀菌剂一样有效。

此外,从蜜蜂访问过的植物中采摘的草莓比未经处理的植物重26%到40%。草莓种植者通常不养蜂,因为草莓的授粉主要通过风和重力进行。然而,这项新研究以及早期研究的结果表明,派遣蜜蜂会导致更好的授粉。蜜蜂方法需要在商业上可用的T-22的标签上提及之前获得环境保护署(EPA)的批准。

Kate Wong is an award-winning science writer and senior editor at 大众科学 focused on evolution, ecology, anthropology, archaeology, paleontology and animal behavior. She is fascinated by human origins, which she has covered for more than 25 years. Recently she has become obsessed with birds. Her reporting has taken her to caves in France and Croatia that Neandertals once called home, to the shores of Kenya's Lake Turkana in search of the oldest stone tools in the world, to Madagascar on an expedition to unearth ancient mammals and dinosaurs, to the icy waters of Antarctica, where humpback whales feast on krill, and on a "Big Day" race around the state of Connecticut to find as many bird species as possible in 24 hours. Kate is co-author, with Donald Johanson, of Lucy's Legacy: The Quest for Human Origins. She holds a bachelor of science degree in biological anthropology and zoology from the University of Michigan. Follow Wong on X (formerly Twitter) @katewong

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