DDT辩论

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每年有超过一百万人死于疟疾。为了控制这种蚊子传播的杀手,许多国家仍然使用DDT,用这种杀虫剂喷洒房屋。然而,一些研究人员认为,人类暴露于DDT会带来健康风险。他们希望禁止DDT,并引入更新、更安全的产品。然而,许多疟疾肆虐的国家,特别是非洲国家,无法负担得起替代品。此外,某些地区可能存在对替代化学品具有抗药性的蚊子。这些问题构成了本周出版的《英国医学杂志》上发表的辩论的基础。

一方面,哈佛大学的阿米尔·阿塔兰和拉金德拉·马哈拉杰断言,喷洒DDT是一种廉价且高效的防治疟疾的方法,并已获得世界卫生组织的批准。此外,他们报告称,公共卫生益处远远超过DDT所谓的健康风险,而这些风险从未得到证实。世界野生动物基金会的理查德·利罗夫持相反立场,他认为应该逐步淘汰DDT,并用更安全的替代品取而代之。利罗夫认为,研究表明,生命早期暴露于DDT可能会导致有害影响。他还指出,许多DDT的替代品已被非常成功地使用。然而,要使最贫穷的国家能够实现转变,就需要发达国家提供财政和技术援助,他指出。随着联合国环境规划署本周在约翰内斯堡召开会议讨论逐步淘汰DDT,利罗夫的愿景可能很快就会实现。

Kate Wong is an award-winning science writer and senior editor at 大众科学 focused on evolution, ecology, anthropology, archaeology, paleontology and animal behavior. She is fascinated by human origins, which she has covered for more than 25 years. Recently she has become obsessed with birds. Her reporting has taken her to caves in France and Croatia that Neandertals once called home, to the shores of Kenya's Lake Turkana in search of the oldest stone tools in the world, to Madagascar on an expedition to unearth ancient mammals and dinosaurs, to the icy waters of Antarctica, where humpback whales feast on krill, and on a "Big Day" race around the state of Connecticut to find as many bird species as possible in 24 hours. Kate is co-author, with Donald Johanson, of Lucy's Legacy: The Quest for Human Origins. She holds a bachelor of science degree in biological anthropology and zoology from the University of Michigan. Follow Wong on X (formerly Twitter) @katewong

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