珊瑚礁记录讲述厄尔尼诺现象的故事

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可追溯到13万年前的珊瑚礁样本显示,被称为厄尔尼诺-南方涛动(ENSO)的天气现象在上个世纪经历了前所未有的增强。《自然-科学快讯》(Sciencexpress) 今天发表的这项新发现,可能在确定全球变暖对这一事件的影响方面发挥重要作用。

为了窥探厄尔尼诺现象的过去,加州大学圣巴巴拉分校的大卫·W·利亚 (David W. Lea) 和他的同事将目光投向了巴布亚新几内亚的珊瑚。他们推断,那里的化石珊瑚样本将为过去13万年提供“气候窗口”,而来自活珊瑚的岩芯将使研究小组能够校准过去100年珊瑚记录和厄尔尼诺现象的仪器记录。

随后对古代岩芯进行的化学和同位素分析揭示了珊瑚曾经生活过的水域的温度和盐度,这反过来为重建气候提供了基础。结果表明,虽然在冰河时代,厄尔尼诺现象最弱(其强度减弱了约 50%),但温暖时期带来了最强的厄尔尼诺事件。最引人注目的是,在过去的 13 万年中,仅在上个世纪,厄尔尼诺现象的强度就达到了历史最高水平。


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尽管关于厄尔尼诺现象近期强度激增的原因仍在争论中,但该团队的珊瑚记录数据提供了诱人的线索。事实上,亚利桑那大学研究员朱莉娅·科尔 (Julia Cole) 在一篇对该报告的评论文章中写道,“他们的研究结果为ENSO可能比之前认为的对全球变化更敏感的观点提供了强有力的支持。”

Kate Wong is an award-winning science writer and senior editor at 大众科学 focused on evolution, ecology, anthropology, archaeology, paleontology and animal behavior. She is fascinated by human origins, which she has covered for more than 25 years. Recently she has become obsessed with birds. Her reporting has taken her to caves in France and Croatia that Neandertals once called home, to the shores of Kenya's Lake Turkana in search of the oldest stone tools in the world, to Madagascar on an expedition to unearth ancient mammals and dinosaurs, to the icy waters of Antarctica, where humpback whales feast on krill, and on a "Big Day" race around the state of Connecticut to find as many bird species as possible in 24 hours. Kate is co-author, with Donald Johanson, of Lucy's Legacy: The Quest for Human Origins. She holds a bachelor of science degree in biological anthropology and zoology from the University of Michigan. Follow Wong on X (formerly Twitter) @katewong

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