抗击疟疾

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每年,疟疾在全球范围内感染多达 5 亿人。超过一百万人死于这种致命的疾病,其中大多数是儿童。多年来,医学界一直使用氯喹来对抗这种疾病,氯喹是一种廉价有效的药物,在很大程度上缓解了这种情况。但是,抗氯喹疟疾出现了,并在接下来的几十年中蔓延开来。如今,耐药菌株在亚洲、非洲和南美洲盛行。《分子细胞》杂志 10 月 20 日刊登的研究报告表明,这种情况最终可能会改变。根据这项新研究,科学家们已经确定了使疟疾寄生虫对氯喹产生耐药性的基因。这一发现可能有助于开发治疗该疾病的药物。此外,它可能允许氯喹本身重新投入使用。

由于疟疾寄生虫花费了相对较长的时间才产生氯喹耐药性,研究人员怀疑其中涉及许多基因。但是,国家过敏和传染病研究所的托马斯·韦勒姆斯(Thomas Wellems)及其同事发现,事实上,只有一个名为pfcrt的基因中的四到八个突变决定了寄生虫株是否具有耐药性。考虑到这一点,该团队认为他们可能能够调整氯喹的成分,使其再次对寄生虫起作用。

在相关新闻中,《科学》杂志 10 月 20 日刊登了其他抗疟策略的最新进展。前景令人鼓舞:科学家们认为,在 5 到 10 年内,他们将拥有一种成功的疟疾疫苗。在此之前,一种被称为青蒿琥酯的中草药可能会上市。然而,随着新的耐药菌株出现,积极的结果越快到来就越好。

Kate Wong is an award-winning science writer and senior editor at 大众科学 focused on evolution, ecology, anthropology, archaeology, paleontology and animal behavior. She is fascinated by human origins, which she has covered for more than 25 years. Recently she has become obsessed with birds. Her reporting has taken her to caves in France and Croatia that Neandertals once called home, to the shores of Kenya's Lake Turkana in search of the oldest stone tools in the world, to Madagascar on an expedition to unearth ancient mammals and dinosaurs, to the icy waters of Antarctica, where humpback whales feast on krill, and on a "Big Day" race around the state of Connecticut to find as many bird species as possible in 24 hours. Kate is co-author, with Donald Johanson, of Lucy's Legacy: The Quest for Human Origins. She holds a bachelor of science degree in biological anthropology and zoology from the University of Michigan. Follow Wong on X (formerly Twitter) @katewong

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