防治玉米螟

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图片:内布拉斯加大学林肯分校昆虫学系

每年夏天,一种被称为欧洲玉米螟()的小昆虫的幼虫都会严重危害美国玉米作物,每年给农民造成近十亿美元的经济损失。但是,研究人员可能已经找到了一种在不使用成本高昂的杀虫剂的情况下防治这些贪婪害虫的方法。一项新研究的结果表明,该研究将提交给《生物防治杂志》,结果表明,在生长季早期仅释放一次大批黄蜂就可以将玉米损害减少一半。

农民通常在整个生长季释放大量的螟黄赤眼蜂。这种黄蜂通过在玉米螟卵内产下自己的卵来寄生玉米螟卵,从而杀死玉米螟胚胎。最终,两只黄蜂从玉米螟卵中孵化出来,然后循环重复。但是,康奈尔大学昆虫学家迈克尔·霍夫曼和他的同事在田间试验中证明,如果在生长季早期(玉米齐膝高时)进行,那么每英亩投放约 30,000 只黄蜂就可以抑制玉米螟。他们报告说,投放黄蜂的总成本低于单次杀虫剂处理的成本。


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在理想情况下,黄蜂将成为玉米田的永久居民,从而有可能不再需要每年投放黄蜂。但是,在进行试验的纽约州北部,黄蜂无法在严酷的冬季中存活下来。不过,霍夫曼评论说:“也许在更南的地方,它们会越冬并定居下来。”

Kate Wong is an award-winning science writer and senior editor at 大众科学 focused on evolution, ecology, anthropology, archaeology, paleontology and animal behavior. She is fascinated by human origins, which she has covered for more than 25 years. Recently she has become obsessed with birds. Her reporting has taken her to caves in France and Croatia that Neandertals once called home, to the shores of Kenya's Lake Turkana in search of the oldest stone tools in the world, to Madagascar on an expedition to unearth ancient mammals and dinosaurs, to the icy waters of Antarctica, where humpback whales feast on krill, and on a "Big Day" race around the state of Connecticut to find as many bird species as possible in 24 hours. Kate is co-author, with Donald Johanson, of Lucy's Legacy: The Quest for Human Origins. She holds a bachelor of science degree in biological anthropology and zoology from the University of Michigan. Follow Wong on X (formerly Twitter) @katewong

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