克隆转基因小猪可能为异种移植成功铺平道路

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图片:密苏里大学;摄影:吉姆·柯利

考虑到需要器官移植的患者可获得的供体器官有限,科学家们长期以来一直梦想着能够使用其他物种作为器官来源。考虑到它们的体型、繁殖特性以及为食物而饲养的事实,猪通常被认为是最合适的潜在供体。然而,问题在于,猪细胞表面带有糖分子,这些糖分子会触发移植接受者体内剧烈的免疫反应——这种攻击可以在几分钟内杀死供体器官。为器官配备保护性蛋白质的努力仅成功地将排斥反应延迟了几个月。但新的研究结果表明,解决这个难题的方案现在触手可及。根据《科学》杂志今天发布的一份报告,研究人员克隆了一组经过基因工程改造的猪,这些猪部分缺乏这种免疫反应的关键组成部分。这一成就可能代表着朝着实现异种移植成功梦想迈出的重要一步。

为了制造他们的猪,密苏里大学的兰德尔·S·普拉瑟和他的同事从胎猪细胞开始, “敲除”了负责制造炎症性糖分子的基因的拷贝。然后,他们将修饰后的猪细胞与猪卵融合,并将3000个克隆胚胎植入代孕母猪体内。幸存的四只小猪每只都携带一个不活跃的基因拷贝和一个活跃的基因拷贝。猪仍然可以用一个活跃的基因拷贝制造糖分子。为了完全消除糖的产生,研究人员必须生产出相关基因的两个拷贝都不活跃的猪——普拉瑟告诉《科学》杂志,他希望在18个月内实现这一目标。

"Xenotransplantation," by Robert P. Lanza, David K. C. Cooper and William L. Chick (大众科学, July 1997), is available for purchase from the 大众科学 Archive.

Kate Wong is an award-winning science writer and senior editor at 大众科学 focused on evolution, ecology, anthropology, archaeology, paleontology and animal behavior. She is fascinated by human origins, which she has covered for more than 25 years. Recently she has become obsessed with birds. Her reporting has taken her to caves in France and Croatia that Neandertals once called home, to the shores of Kenya's Lake Turkana in search of the oldest stone tools in the world, to Madagascar on an expedition to unearth ancient mammals and dinosaurs, to the icy waters of Antarctica, where humpback whales feast on krill, and on a "Big Day" race around the state of Connecticut to find as many bird species as possible in 24 hours. Kate is co-author, with Donald Johanson, of Lucy's Legacy: The Quest for Human Origins. She holds a bachelor of science degree in biological anthropology and zoology from the University of Michigan. Follow Wong on X (formerly Twitter) @katewong

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