气候波动可能促进早期人类物种形成,硅藻研究表明

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科学家表示,非洲在三百万年前至一百万年前发生的气候变化可能在早期人类的物种形成和迁徙中起到了关键作用。传统观点认为,我们的原始人类祖先是在东非日益干旱的条件下进化而来的。但一项新研究的结果表明,这种干燥趋势可能夹杂着湿润期,迫使人类和其他哺乳动物适应快速变化的环境。

德国波茨坦大学的马丁·H·特劳特 (Martin H. Trauth) 及其同事在东非大裂谷湖泊的沉积记录中发现了这些湿润期的证据。这些沉积物包含硅藻(硅藻藻类)组合,硅藻是众所周知的敏感环境指标,可用于重建水深和盐度。通过研究古代硅藻,该团队确定了三个时期,在此期间,由于区域气候变化,湖泊水位很深。这些时期也与显著的全球气候变化相关联。

研究人员提出,持续的湿润和干旱期之间的快速转变,可能为物种分化提供了必要的压力。 也许并非巧合的是,三百万年前至一百万年前的这段时期见证了Homo属的出现、Homo erectus的兴起以及原始人类首次迁出非洲,以及其他值得注意的古人类学事件。一篇详细介绍这些发现的论文于今天发表在Science期刊上。

Kate Wong is an award-winning science writer and senior editor at 大众科学 focused on evolution, ecology, anthropology, archaeology, paleontology and animal behavior. She is fascinated by human origins, which she has covered for more than 25 years. Recently she has become obsessed with birds. Her reporting has taken her to caves in France and Croatia that Neandertals once called home, to the shores of Kenya's Lake Turkana in search of the oldest stone tools in the world, to Madagascar on an expedition to unearth ancient mammals and dinosaurs, to the icy waters of Antarctica, where humpback whales feast on krill, and on a "Big Day" race around the state of Connecticut to find as many bird species as possible in 24 hours. Kate is co-author, with Donald Johanson, of Lucy's Legacy: The Quest for Human Origins. She holds a bachelor of science degree in biological anthropology and zoology from the University of Michigan. Follow Wong on X (formerly Twitter) @katewong

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