细胞邮政编码

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科学家们早就知道,身体的免疫反应取决于细胞通过血液循环并进入需要它们的组织的正确导向。但究竟这种细胞运输是如何发生的尚不清楚。现在,今天发表在《美国国家科学院院刊》上的新研究表明,正如邮政编码将邮件导向特定社区一样,位于细胞表面的特殊分子引导细胞通过血液循环到达其组织目的地。

在进入目标组织之前,离开血液循环的细胞必须首先粘附在血管壁上。血细胞包含 100 多种粘附分子,但其中只有少数几种能形成允许细胞进入周围组织的键。根据这项新研究,这些所谓的“金发姑娘”分子具有非常特定的化学和机械特性,使它们能够形成具有特定强度和持续时间的键。“为了让细胞离开血液循环,你需要恰到好处的粘附,”宾夕法尼亚大学的首席作者丹尼尔·A·哈默解释说。“它不能太紧,否则细胞会结合到血管壁上并且永远不会松开。它也不能太弱,否则血细胞就会直接通过。”

该团队采用计算机模拟来探索血液细胞与类似于血管壁的表面之间的粘附力。考虑到他们的成功,哈默说,其他有兴趣研究键的化学和机械特性的研究人员也可能希望利用这种计算方法。他进一步指出,该技术有一天可用于设计具有定制机械性能的键。

Kate Wong is an award-winning science writer and senior editor at 大众科学 focused on evolution, ecology, anthropology, archaeology, paleontology and animal behavior. She is fascinated by human origins, which she has covered for more than 25 years. Recently she has become obsessed with birds. Her reporting has taken her to caves in France and Croatia that Neandertals once called home, to the shores of Kenya's Lake Turkana in search of the oldest stone tools in the world, to Madagascar on an expedition to unearth ancient mammals and dinosaurs, to the icy waters of Antarctica, where humpback whales feast on krill, and on a "Big Day" race around the state of Connecticut to find as many bird species as possible in 24 hours. Kate is co-author, with Donald Johanson, of Lucy's Legacy: The Quest for Human Origins. She holds a bachelor of science degree in biological anthropology and zoology from the University of Michigan. Follow Wong on X (formerly Twitter) @katewong

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