喜马拉雅冰川正在消融

内部湖泊在短短几天内因融冰而排空和重新注满

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由于全球变暖,喜马拉雅冰川正在融化并在边缘退缩。但它们也隐藏着气候变化一个更不祥的影响:它们正在消融。它们正在因融化而失去内部冰量,这可能会大大加速它们的消失。科学家最近捕捉到实时视频,显示冰川正在排出自身的融水,速度远超专家们的想象。

科罗拉多大学博尔德分校的地质学家乌利亚纳·霍罗迪斯基攀登到尼泊尔恩戈宗巴冰川海拔5000米处。

科学家们曾推测,这些湖泊会随着时间的推移,缓慢地被地表融水填满,但霍罗迪斯基的视频显示,这些湖泊可以在短短两天内排空,然后在不到一周的时间内重新注满,并一遍又一遍地重复这个循环,通过内部通道冲刷出大量的融冰,这些通道最终通向底层的岩石或冰川的边缘。有规律的排放表明,融化的冰比之前认为的要多得多。有一次,霍罗迪斯基在一个湖泊排空后迅速爬到湖边,检查暴露在高水位线以下的白色冰壁。湖泊很快就会重新注满。


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冰川湖泊中水位的上升和下降也可能加剧冰崩——即冰壁沿着水体突然崩塌。

消融可能导致冰川消失的速度比边缘融化的速度更快。“南美和喜马拉雅冰川的冰量流失速度最快,但其中大部分来自垂直消融,”霍罗迪斯基说,她最近在旧金山举行的美国地球物理联合会会议上报告了她的一些发现。例如,珠穆朗玛峰北侧的某些冰川在过去一个世纪中高度下降了100米,她说。

Mark Fischetti has been a senior editor at 大众科学 for 17 years and has covered sustainability issues, including climate, weather, environment, energy, food, water, biodiversity, population, and more. He assigns and edits feature articles, commentaries and news by journalists and scientists and also writes in those formats. He edits History, the magazine's department looking at science advances throughout time. He was founding managing editor of two spinoff magazines: 大众科学 Mind and 大众科学 Earth 3.0. His 2001 freelance article for the magazine, "Drowning New Orleans," predicted the widespread disaster that a storm like Hurricane Katrina would impose on the city. His video What Happens to Your Body after You Die?, has more than 12 million views on YouTube. Fischetti has written freelance articles for the New York Times, Sports Illustrated, Smithsonian, Technology Review, Fast Company, and many others. He co-authored the book Weaving the Web with Tim Berners-Lee, inventor of the World Wide Web, which tells the real story of how the Web was created. He also co-authored The New Killer Diseases with microbiologist Elinor Levy. Fischetti is a former managing editor of IEEE Spectrum Magazine and of Family Business Magazine. He has a physics degree and has twice served as the Attaway Fellow in Civic Culture at Centenary College of Louisiana, which awarded him an honorary doctorate. In 2021 he received the American Geophysical Union's Robert C. Cowen Award for Sustained Achievement in Science Journalism, which celebrates a career of outstanding reporting on the Earth and space sciences. He has appeared on NBC's Meet the Press, CNN, the History Channel, NPR News and many news radio stations. Follow Fischetti on X (formerly Twitter) @markfischetti

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