吹泡泡的恒星让天文学家困惑

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天文学家使用甚长基线阵列(Very Long Baseline Array,一组遍布美国各地的10个射电望远镜)发现了一颗年轻恒星似乎正在围绕自身吹出一个气体泡。今天发表在《自然》(Nature)杂志上的新发现可能会迫使科学家修改现有的恒星形成理论。

在两个月的时间里,哈佛-史密森天体物理中心(Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics,位于马萨诸塞州剑桥市)的何保荣(Paul Ho)和他的同事们观察到一个球形气泡在一个假定的恒星周围膨胀。计算表明,这颗恒星仅在33年前才向太空喷射出这个气泡。然而,这个气泡正在以如此快的速度膨胀(大约每秒九公里),以至于它很快就会完全消失。

该团队的观测结果令人惊讶,因为恒星形成理论认为,虽然新生恒星在发展过程中应该释放能量,但它们应该通过从两极喷射物质射流来做到这一点,而不是通过吹出球形气泡。然而,在改写天文学书籍之前,研究人员将不得不证明产生这个神秘气泡的物体实际上是一颗年轻的恒星。曼彻斯特大学的菲利普·戴蒙德(Philip Diamond)告诉《自然科学更新》(Nature Science Update),考虑到该物体占据了一个恒星形成区域,这似乎很有可能。“但在我们看到中间是什么之前,我们不会知道。”

Kate Wong is an award-winning science writer and senior editor at 大众科学 focused on evolution, ecology, anthropology, archaeology, paleontology and animal behavior. She is fascinated by human origins, which she has covered for more than 25 years. Recently she has become obsessed with birds. Her reporting has taken her to caves in France and Croatia that Neandertals once called home, to the shores of Kenya's Lake Turkana in search of the oldest stone tools in the world, to Madagascar on an expedition to unearth ancient mammals and dinosaurs, to the icy waters of Antarctica, where humpback whales feast on krill, and on a "Big Day" race around the state of Connecticut to find as many bird species as possible in 24 hours. Kate is co-author, with Donald Johanson, of Lucy's Legacy: The Quest for Human Origins. She holds a bachelor of science degree in biological anthropology and zoology from the University of Michigan. Follow Wong on X (formerly Twitter) @katewong

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