类似褐矮星的恒星被发现

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图片:达娜·贝瑞

天文学家使用位于夏威夷的英国红外望远镜 (UKIRT) 发现了两种此前已被预测但从未被观测到的恒星类型的例子。据估计,这些木星大小的恒星距离地球100到130光年。图森市行星科学研究所的史蒂夫·B·豪厄尔和他的同事们在即将发表于《天体物理学杂志通讯》上的一份报告中描述了他们的发现。

虽然它们看起来像褐矮星,但这些小型、低温的恒星实际上是普通恒星的残余,这些普通恒星随着时间的推移而逐渐衰退,并将物质捐赠给它们的白矮星伴星。这两个供体-受体对代表着两个不同的双星系统。其中一个,被称为 LL Andromeda,是一个所谓的矮新星。在这个系统中,从供体星或“低温矮次星”溢出的物质在受体白矮星周围形成了一个吸积盘,如这里所示的艺术家概念图。第二对,EF Eridani,被归类为“极性星”。这个系统中的白矮星具有强磁性。因此,来自供体星的物质直接流向白矮星的磁极,而不是形成吸积盘。


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还需要更多的研究来解开这些新恒星的秘密,这些恒星大约有 80 亿年的历史,与银河系本身一样古老。豪厄尔指出,尽管它们在温度、大小和质量方面与褐矮星相似,但它们的结构和成分可能有所不同。

Kate Wong is an award-winning science writer and senior editor at 大众科学 focused on evolution, ecology, anthropology, archaeology, paleontology and animal behavior. She is fascinated by human origins, which she has covered for more than 25 years. Recently she has become obsessed with birds. Her reporting has taken her to caves in France and Croatia that Neandertals once called home, to the shores of Kenya's Lake Turkana in search of the oldest stone tools in the world, to Madagascar on an expedition to unearth ancient mammals and dinosaurs, to the icy waters of Antarctica, where humpback whales feast on krill, and on a "Big Day" race around the state of Connecticut to find as many bird species as possible in 24 hours. Kate is co-author, with Donald Johanson, of Lucy's Legacy: The Quest for Human Origins. She holds a bachelor of science degree in biological anthropology and zoology from the University of Michigan. Follow Wong on X (formerly Twitter) @katewong

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