BP石油泄漏五年后:海岸仍在挣扎 [视频]

岛屿和海岸线仍然受到破坏,等待清理资金

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五年前的今天,马孔多油井的井喷引发了后来被称为BP深水地平线石油泄漏事件,这是美国历史上最严重的环境灾难之一。石油冲上墨西哥湾沿岸的漫长海岸线,导致动物死亡和社区瘫痪。上周,我们要求读者向我们发送照片、视频和文字描述,说明石油泄漏如何继续影响他们的生活和生计,包括在恢复环境方面的成功和失败。

总的来说,这些回应表明了一些亮点,但在许多情况下,生态系统和渔场的破坏根本没有得到解决。在很大程度上,这是因为社区仍在等待政府的资金;BP支付的130亿美元罚款中,80%应该用于受石油泄漏影响最严重的州和社区,但这笔钱仍然被搁置,等待联邦法院对分配做出最终裁决。

漫长的等待正在损害该地区的海鲜产业。一位回应我们请求的人,黛博拉·科顿,告诉我们关于社区之声项目,她将其描述为“一系列与受石油泄漏严重影响的墨西哥湾沿岸居民进行的视频采访。”她说,这个项目的创建是为了“确保那些生活在BP石油泄漏后的现实中的居民的面孔和声音被看到和听到。”这些视频,尤其是当地渔民的视频,引人入胜,让人真切地感受到巴约地区的生活以及那些因石油泄漏的影响而努力维持生计的人们。下面是一个例子。


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另一位读者雅克·海伯特发送了一系列图像,显示了海湾中某些被石油冲刷过的岛屿如何变成了破败的荒地。海伯特与恢复密西西比河三角洲运动合作。下面的一张图片显示了他最近在格兰德特岛上发现的焦油球。他还发送了一个链接到一篇文章,指出在二月份在东格兰德特发现了一个重达25000磅(11350公斤)的焦油垫,BP在三月份对其进行了清理。海伯特补充说,“最近在海湾海底发现了高达1000万加仑的石油,在灾难现场周围形成了一个罗德岛大小的‘浴缸环’。”

 

海伯特提出了另一点:土地恢复是可能的。例如,他发送了一张在隐湖沼泽创造的新土地的图像,这是重建湿地的更大项目的一部分。

 

PJ·哈恩发送了两张猫岛的图像(如下),一张是石油泄漏前显示充满活力的生态系统,另一张是石油泄漏后,显示了油污的破坏。曾经是数千只鸟类栖息地的2.5公顷的家园,“它已经被缩小为开放水域,”他说。“石油覆盖了岛上茂盛的红树林和植被,杀死了植物及其根系。根系是保持这些岛屿稳定的原因。”

   

如今,猫岛仅剩下一小块沙地,如下面海伯特的图像所示。

 

《大众科学》对BP石油泄漏的后果进行了更多报道,包括一个令人印象深刻的图表。此外,还有一篇有趣的的文章,讲述了大量石油在从钻井平台的破裂井口涌入海洋后从未被追回的谜团——我们所有人在2010年日复一日地在臭名昭著的水下视频中看到的那涌出的井口。

附加信息

Mark Fischetti has been a senior editor at 大众科学 for 17 years and has covered sustainability issues, including climate, weather, environment, energy, food, water, biodiversity, population, and more. He assigns and edits feature articles, commentaries and news by journalists and scientists and also writes in those formats. He edits History, the magazine's department looking at science advances throughout time. He was founding managing editor of two spinoff magazines: 大众科学 Mind and 大众科学 Earth 3.0. His 2001 freelance article for the magazine, "Drowning New Orleans," predicted the widespread disaster that a storm like Hurricane Katrina would impose on the city. His video What Happens to Your Body after You Die?, has more than 12 million views on YouTube. Fischetti has written freelance articles for the New York Times, Sports Illustrated, Smithsonian, Technology Review, Fast Company, and many others. He co-authored the book Weaving the Web with Tim Berners-Lee, inventor of the World Wide Web, which tells the real story of how the Web was created. He also co-authored The New Killer Diseases with microbiologist Elinor Levy. Fischetti is a former managing editor of IEEE Spectrum Magazine and of Family Business Magazine. He has a physics degree and has twice served as the Attaway Fellow in Civic Culture at Centenary College of Louisiana, which awarded him an honorary doctorate. In 2021 he received the American Geophysical Union's Robert C. Cowen Award for Sustained Achievement in Science Journalism, which celebrates a career of outstanding reporting on the Earth and space sciences. He has appeared on NBC's Meet the Press, CNN, the History Channel, NPR News and many news radio stations. Follow Fischetti on X (formerly Twitter) @markfischetti

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