蓝色喷流或可连接雷暴与电离层

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图片来源:VICTOR PASKO/宾夕法尼亚州立大学

大多数人所知的闪电是云层与地面之间跳跃的锯齿状电光。但闪电也会在雷暴上方闪烁,在那里,幽灵般的闪光有着诸如精灵和鬼火等奇特的名称。现在,今天发表在《自然》杂志上的新证据表明,这些特别短暂的雷暴上方现象之一——蓝色喷流——持续时间可达数百毫秒的蓝宝石色光锥——可能将云顶与被称为电离层的带电空气层连接起来。

宾夕法尼亚州立大学研究员维克多·帕斯科和他的同事于去年九月在位于波多黎各丛林深处的阿雷西博天文台的激光雷达实验室的屋顶上,用录像带捕捉到了这种难以捉摸的现象。早期的测量表明,蓝色喷流只能达到大约40公里或更高的高度,但帕斯科团队记录到的蓝色喷流上升到大约70公里——电离层的下边缘。这种量级的闪光可以解释地面电荷与带相反电荷的电离层之间30万伏特的电压差。“到目前为止,”作者指出,“还没有关于鬼火或蓝色喷流的实验数据被报道,这些数据能确凿地表明它们在雷雨云和下电离层之间建立了直接的电气接触路径。”


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考虑到这个大型蓝色喷流是由一种相对较小的雷暴产生的,而这种雷暴在世界各地频繁发生,该团队写道,“这种云到电离层的放电在热带地区可能非常普遍,并且可能构成全球电路的重要组成部分,但尚未被考虑在内。”

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Kate Wong is an award-winning science writer and senior editor at 大众科学 focused on evolution, ecology, anthropology, archaeology, paleontology and animal behavior. She is fascinated by human origins, which she has covered for more than 25 years. Recently she has become obsessed with birds. Her reporting has taken her to caves in France and Croatia that Neandertals once called home, to the shores of Kenya's Lake Turkana in search of the oldest stone tools in the world, to Madagascar on an expedition to unearth ancient mammals and dinosaurs, to the icy waters of Antarctica, where humpback whales feast on krill, and on a "Big Day" race around the state of Connecticut to find as many bird species as possible in 24 hours. Kate is co-author, with Donald Johanson, of Lucy's Legacy: The Quest for Human Origins. She holds a bachelor of science degree in biological anthropology and zoology from the University of Michigan. Follow Wong on X (formerly Twitter) @katewong

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