附近的黑洞藏身处

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图片来源:欧洲南方天文台

在英国天文学家约翰·赫歇尔在南方的天空中发现半人马座A星系150多年后,这个壮观的星系(右图)仍然吸引着科学家们。射电望远镜的观测表明,它是半人马座中最强的射电源,并且距离我们1100万光年,是离我们最近的射电星系。现在,新的证据表明半人马座A星系一直隐藏着一个黑暗的秘密。一个国际天文学家团队在3月10日出版的《天体物理学杂志》上报告称,该星系的中心隐藏着一个超大质量黑洞。

在欧洲南方天文台甚大望远镜(VLT)的ISAAC仪器的帮助下,位于马里兰州巴尔的摩市的空间望远镜科学研究所的伊桑·施赖尔和他的同事们得以穿透笼罩星系中心的不透明尘埃带进行观察。他们的观测揭示了一个薄薄的、旋转的气体盘。通过分析核盘的旋转速度,该团队得以确定,盘内物质的质量约为太阳质量的2亿倍。


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他们意识到,如此巨大的质量不能用普通的恒星来解释,因为普通恒星会发出比观测到的更大的光度。对于半人马座A星系黑暗而沉重的中心,一个更可能的解释是它是一个超大质量黑洞。新的发现证实了早期基于从星系中心发出的异常强烈的射电辐射的怀疑,并表明使用红外光谱学进行测量的ISAAC仪器具有识别和称量未来更多黑洞的潜力。

Kate Wong is an award-winning science writer and senior editor at 大众科学 focused on evolution, ecology, anthropology, archaeology, paleontology and animal behavior. She is fascinated by human origins, which she has covered for more than 25 years. Recently she has become obsessed with birds. Her reporting has taken her to caves in France and Croatia that Neandertals once called home, to the shores of Kenya's Lake Turkana in search of the oldest stone tools in the world, to Madagascar on an expedition to unearth ancient mammals and dinosaurs, to the icy waters of Antarctica, where humpback whales feast on krill, and on a "Big Day" race around the state of Connecticut to find as many bird species as possible in 24 hours. Kate is co-author, with Donald Johanson, of Lucy's Legacy: The Quest for Human Origins. She holds a bachelor of science degree in biological anthropology and zoology from the University of Michigan. Follow Wong on X (formerly Twitter) @katewong

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