鸟类在迁入新社区前评估当地居民的成功率

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在为孩子寻找合适的成长场所时,人类父母通常会考虑社区安全或当地学校系统的质量等因素。其他动物也会评估它们的栖息地,但它们究竟如何识别理想的地点通常知之甚少。然而,新的研究正在填补一些未知空白。根据发表在最新一期《科学》杂志上的研究结果,研究人员发现,一些鸟类会根据该地区其他居民后代的状况来选择筑巢地点。

生物学家长期以来一直怀疑,某些动物通过监测邻近同种动物的繁殖成功率来确定最佳繁殖地。为了验证这个所谓的公共信息假说,瑞士伯尔尼大学的布兰丁·多利格兹和她的同事们在瑞典哥特兰岛繁殖地点的巢穴之间转移了幼年领蝇,创造了一些雏鸟多的地点,以及另一些只有少量雏鸟的地点。随后的对迁入和迁出率的观察表明,潜在的居民会暗中观察当地居民,并优先迁往雏鸟丰富的地点。就新扩大的雏鸟群的父母而言,他们发现要喂养的嘴太多了,他们的幼鸟变得瘦弱。因此,他们搬走了。

多利格兹和她的合作者总结道:“这些结果只能用领蝇对公共信息的使用来解释。” 这种繁殖栖息地选择策略究竟有多么普遍仍然是个问题。但作者指出,另一项近期对群栖海鸟的研究也产生了类似的结果。

Kate Wong is an award-winning science writer and senior editor at 大众科学 focused on evolution, ecology, anthropology, archaeology, paleontology and animal behavior. She is fascinated by human origins, which she has covered for more than 25 years. Recently she has become obsessed with birds. Her reporting has taken her to caves in France and Croatia that Neandertals once called home, to the shores of Kenya's Lake Turkana in search of the oldest stone tools in the world, to Madagascar on an expedition to unearth ancient mammals and dinosaurs, to the icy waters of Antarctica, where humpback whales feast on krill, and on a "Big Day" race around the state of Connecticut to find as many bird species as possible in 24 hours. Kate is co-author, with Donald Johanson, of Lucy's Legacy: The Quest for Human Origins. She holds a bachelor of science degree in biological anthropology and zoology from the University of Michigan. Follow Wong on X (formerly Twitter) @katewong

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