自闭症患者大脑未在研究人员预期部位受损

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科学家长期以来一直怀疑,许多自闭症儿童对旋转物体和自身旋转的迷恋与小脑损伤有关,小脑是大脑中控制运动和平衡的部分。事实上,许多关于自闭症的研究(在美国,每500名儿童中约有1名患有自闭症)都集中在这个大脑区域。但是,最近发表在《自闭症与发育障碍杂志》上的一项研究结果表明,实际上,自闭症儿童的小脑是正常的。约翰·霍普金斯儿童中心的精神病学家梅丽莎·戈德堡和她的同事研究了13名年龄在7岁至17岁之间的高功能自闭症儿童。具体来说,他们检查了受试者在椅子上旋转后以及椅子停止时向前倾斜头部后的眼球运动。通常,一旦头部向前倾斜,反射性眼球运动就会减弱——自闭症儿童也表现出这种模式。戈德堡解释说:“这告诉我们,小脑中控制我们恢复平衡能力的部分在自闭症儿童中运作正常。” “了解这些儿童大脑的哪些部分似乎没有受损,我们可以继续调查问题的其他来源。”

Kate Wong is an award-winning science writer and senior editor at 大众科学 focused on evolution, ecology, anthropology, archaeology, paleontology and animal behavior. She is fascinated by human origins, which she has covered for more than 25 years. Recently she has become obsessed with birds. Her reporting has taken her to caves in France and Croatia that Neandertals once called home, to the shores of Kenya's Lake Turkana in search of the oldest stone tools in the world, to Madagascar on an expedition to unearth ancient mammals and dinosaurs, to the icy waters of Antarctica, where humpback whales feast on krill, and on a "Big Day" race around the state of Connecticut to find as many bird species as possible in 24 hours. Kate is co-author, with Donald Johanson, of Lucy's Legacy: The Quest for Human Origins. She holds a bachelor of science degree in biological anthropology and zoology from the University of Michigan. Follow Wong on X (formerly Twitter) @katewong

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