砷捕捉化学物质或可净化饮用水

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如果美国环境保护署 (EPA) 大幅降低饮用水中允许的砷含量(一项目前正在审议中的法规),公众将受益于更高的标准。 实际上,摄入高浓度的砷与多种癌症和其他疾病有关。 但是,根据他们设定的限值有多低,EPA 的决定可能会带来数十亿美元的代价。 然而,桑迪亚国家实验室的研究人员开发的新型砷捕捉材料可能有助于降低这一成本。

为了制造砷捕捉化学物质,桑迪亚的开发人员首先选择了已知可以吸引带负电原子团或阴离子的矿物族,例如含砷化合物砷酸盐。 然后,他们利用超级计算机建模来快速评估数千种这些矿物的变体和组合的砷捕捉潜力。 模拟结果揭示了一系列有前景的材料——被称为特定阴离子纳米工程吸附剂 (SANS)。 该团队目前正在实验室中验证 SANS 的潜力,将受砷污染的水通过它们并测量流出物中砷的含量。

接下来,研究人员希望在计划在阿尔伯克基市(新墨西哥州)建立的城市净水厂以及农村社区的较小供水系统中测试这些材料。 团队成员 Pat Brady 评论说:“市政当局现在可以过滤掉污垢、淤泥和污水,但是以十亿分之几的浓度廉价地去除物质是一项新的且具有挑战性的难题。”

Kate Wong is an award-winning science writer and senior editor at 大众科学 focused on evolution, ecology, anthropology, archaeology, paleontology and animal behavior. She is fascinated by human origins, which she has covered for more than 25 years. Recently she has become obsessed with birds. Her reporting has taken her to caves in France and Croatia that Neandertals once called home, to the shores of Kenya's Lake Turkana in search of the oldest stone tools in the world, to Madagascar on an expedition to unearth ancient mammals and dinosaurs, to the icy waters of Antarctica, where humpback whales feast on krill, and on a "Big Day" race around the state of Connecticut to find as many bird species as possible in 24 hours. Kate is co-author, with Donald Johanson, of Lucy's Legacy: The Quest for Human Origins. She holds a bachelor of science degree in biological anthropology and zoology from the University of Michigan. Follow Wong on X (formerly Twitter) @katewong

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